Recent Advances in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 1268

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
Interests: PBPK-PD model; metabolism/transport systems and drug disposition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model employs differential equations to analyze drug dynamics across various body tissues. This modeling approach, extensively applied within the pharmaceutical industry, is instrumental in predicting and evaluating drug efficacy and safety profiles. Focusing on accurately forecasting alterations in enzyme and transporter protein functions within organs, PBPK modeling offers significant advantages for studying special populations, including the elderly, pregnant women, neonates, and patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction, as well as for assessing drug–drug interactions. Recently, pharmacometrics has become a standard regulatory tool, facilitating analyses of surrogate endpoints to support accelerated drug approvals. Furthermore, it plays a pivotal role in critical trial phases for dose selection, dosing strategies for special populations (e.g., pediatric patients), dose regimen optimization, efficacy predictions, and dosing in unstudied patient populations. Furthermore, the PBPK model integrates in vitro mechanistic data to predict exposure profiles of new drug formulations. It can also incorporate individual patient characteristics to optimize personalized treatment regimens, thereby reducing the risk of adverse reactions, even toxic side effects.

Prof. Dr. Li Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model
  • pharmacometrics
  • drug–drug interaction
  • pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 3462 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Pharmacokinetics for CYP3A4-Metabolized Drugs in Pediatrics and Geriatrics Using Dynamic Age-Dependent Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models
by Jing Han, Zexin Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Hanyu Yang and Li Liu
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(2), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020214 - 7 Feb 2025
Viewed by 931
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The use of medicines in pediatrics and geriatrics is widespread. However, information on pharmacokinetics of therapeutic drugs mainly comes from healthy adults, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of therapeutic drugs in other age stages, including pediatrics and geriatrics, are limited. The aim [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The use of medicines in pediatrics and geriatrics is widespread. However, information on pharmacokinetics of therapeutic drugs mainly comes from healthy adults, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of therapeutic drugs in other age stages, including pediatrics and geriatrics, are limited. The aim of the study was to develop a dynamic age-dependent physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans at different ages. Method: The PBPK models characterizing dynamic age-dependence were developed in adults (20–59 years old) and 1000 virtual individuals were constructed. Four CYP3A substrates, namely midazolam, fentanyl, alfentanil and sufentanil, served as model drugs. Following validation using clinic observations in adult populations, the developed PBPK models were extrapolated to other age populations, such as pediatrics and geriatrics, via replacing their physiological parameters and pharmacokinetic parameters, such as organ volume, organ blood flow, clearance, fu,b and Kt:p. The simulations were compared with clinic observations in corresponding age populations. Midazolam served as an example, the dose transitions between adult pediatrics and adult geriatrics were visualized using the developed PBPK models. Results: Most of observed plasma concentrations fell within the 5th–95th percentile of the predicted values in the 1000 virtual individuals, and the predicted AUC0–t and Cmax were almost within between 0.5 and 2 times of the observations. The optimization of dosages in pediatrics and geriatrics were further documented. Conclusions: The developed PBPK model may be successfully used to predict the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in different age groups and to optimize their dosage regiments in pediatrics and geriatrics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics)
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