Vitamin D and Its Derivatives in Pharmacology: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1713

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Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
Interests: hypoglycemic drugs; insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; obesity; cancer; oxidative stress; vitamin D; DNA damage and repair
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The enormous progress made in understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D in recent decades—including its genomic (VDR-dependent) and non-genomic interactions with numerous intracellular signaling proteins that regulate a wide range of biological processes in many tissues and cells—has revealed its broad spectrum of effects on the entire organism. At the same time, a growing number of reports indicate that vitamin D deficiency not only adversely affects the health of the musculoskeletal system but also constitutes a significant risk factor for various health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, cancer, and disorders of the immune, nervous, respiratory and reproductive systems. These observations have attracted the attention of clinical researchers and health care professionals who are currently investigating vitamin D and its derivatives for their protective and therapeutic effects. The Special Issue aims to showcase outstanding review articles covering all aspects of vitamin D and its derivatives, including their discovery, testing, analysis, approval, delivery, manufacturing and clinical applications. Submissions to this Special Issue must include a cover letter stating the novelty of the review article in comparison to related reviews published in the literature.

Dr. Agnieszka Sliwinska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • vitamin D, synthesis and metabolism
  • vitamin D derivatives
  • vitamin D deficiency related diseases
  • clinical trials on vitamin D and/or its derivatives

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 5736 KB  
Article
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Administration Is Associated with Stimulation of Vitamin D/VDR Pathway and Mucosal Microbiota Modulation in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Pilot Study
by Cristiano Pagnini, Manuele Gori, Maria Carla Di Paolo, Riccardo Urgesi, Claudia Cicione, Maria Zingariello, Francesca Arciprete, Viola Velardi, Elisa Viciani, Antonella Padella, Andrea Castagnetti, Maria Giovanna Graziani and Gianfranco Delle Fave
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(11), 1651; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18111651 - 1 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: The interaction between probiotics and the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway has been increasingly explored as a potential mechanism for immune modulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has shown promising results in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, [...] Read more.
Background: The interaction between probiotics and the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway has been increasingly explored as a potential mechanism for immune modulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has shown promising results in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, but its effect on the VDR pathway remains unexplored in humans. Aim: To test the hypothesis that LGG can stimulate the vitamin D/VDR pathway and modulate mucosal-adherent microbiota. Methods: In this study, we analyzed a subgroup of 13 patients from the LGGinUC trial, in which UC patients with mild-to-moderate disease activity received LGG monotherapy for four weeks. Colonic biopsy samples were collected before and after treatment to evaluate VDR expression via RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Mucosal-adherent microbiota was also analyzed by DNA extraction and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: LGG administration significantly increased VDR mRNA expression in colonic mucosa (p < 0.05), with a corresponding rise in VDR protein levels in both epithelial and sub-epithelial compartments. Microbiota analysis revealed a reduction in α-diversity, primarily due to a decrease in commensal bacterial species, while β-diversity remained largely unchanged. Conclusions: Although the present results have to be considered preliminary, this is the first human study demonstrating that probiotic supplementation can upregulate VDR expression in colonic mucosa. We propose that LGG may exert its beneficial effects in UC by stimulating the VDR pathway, which in turn modulates mucosal immunity and microbiota composition. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations are needed to validate these findings and explore their therapeutic implications. Full article
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Review

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34 pages, 2199 KB  
Review
Vitamins A and D and Their Combinations for Breast and Colorectal Cancers: Analysis of the Clinical, Epidemiological, Preclinical and Transcriptomic Data
by Temitope O. Lawal, Bolanle A. Adeniyi and Gail B. Mahady
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(11), 1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18111684 - 6 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamins A and D have been reported to improve cancer outcomes. In this work, we reviewed recent meta-analyses, preclinical, and transcriptomics data for these vitamins and combinations for breast and colon cancers. Methods: Searches for meta-analyses, preclinical, and [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Vitamins A and D have been reported to improve cancer outcomes. In this work, we reviewed recent meta-analyses, preclinical, and transcriptomics data for these vitamins and combinations for breast and colon cancers. Methods: Searches for meta-analyses, preclinical, and transcriptomic data for vitamins A and D in breast and colorectal cancers were conducted using electronic databases from June 2012 to May 2025. Studies describing the effects of vitamin A and D levels (through diet, supplementation, and serum concentrations) on the risk, prognosis, metastasis, and survival rates of breast and colon cancer patients, and the doses needed to achieve these endpoints, were included. Preclinical and transcriptomics studies investigating combinations of vitamins A and D were also reviewed. Results: The reviewed studies showed an inverse correlation between vitamin A intake and the risk and survival rates of breast cancers. Sufficient vitamin D3 levels were associated with improved survival outcomes, lower tumor grades, and less ER- or triple-negative breast cancers. For colorectal cancers, meta-analyses showed conflicting results for vitamin A, but clear evidence that vitamin D reduced both risk and mortality. Preclinical and transcriptomics studies provide compelling evidence that vitamins A and D combinations may be more effective for the prevention and treatment of breast and colon cancers, due to their significant synergistic effects and the larger number of cancer-signaling pathways impacted. Conclusions: Vitamins A and D reduce breast and colorectal cancer incidence, risk and mortality through multiple mechanisms of action, and offer significant potential as therapeutic and chemopreventative agents. Full article
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