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Pathogens
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Classic and Non-classic Intracellular Bacteria: Host immunity and Microbial Persistence...
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Classic and Non-classic Intracellular Bacteria: Host immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 8947

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jun Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
Interests: understanding the role of regulatory immune cells and IL-17/IL-17R axis in host responses to intracellular bacterial infection and cancer; development of prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines against infection and cancer
Prof. Dr. Zhenyu Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Interests: utilizing systems biology approaches to study the pathogenesis of infectious diseases; understanding how complex signaling pathways control the flow of cellular information as an integrated system; identify signaling components in both host immunity and bacterial pathogenesis pathways

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intracellular bacteria are able to successfully infect and cause a broad spectrum of clinically significant diseases by manipulating host cells and escaping the host immune system. Classic examples include species that belong to the Mycobacteria, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Listeria, Brucella, Rickettsia, Shigella and Legionella genera. Persistent infection is a common phenomenon associated with infections triggered by many intracellular bacterial species, involving many known and unknown molecular and cellular mechanisms. Both microbial gene products and various host immune components control the intracellular life cycle of the pathogen as well as the progression of clinical disease. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that extracellular bacteria, such as Yersinia, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, also have the capacity to replicate and survive inside host cells. In this specific issue, we would like to collect reviews, mini-reviews and original research articles to illustrate the life cycle of classic and non-classic intracellular pathogens and elucidate how different microbial gene products and immune components are involved in various microbial intracellular survival strategies. This collection will help to reveal what are the common and/or unique microbial persistent strategies utilized by diverse intracellular pathogens.

Prof. Dr. Jun Wang
Prof. Dr. Zhenyu Cheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Intracellular pathogen
  • Bacteria
  • Persistent infection
  • Host-pathogen interaction
  • Pattern recognition receptors
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immune response
  • Immune evasion
  • Mycobacteria
  • Chlamydia
  • Salmonella
  • Listeria
  • Brucella
  • Rickettsia
  • Shigella
  • Legionella
  • Yersinia
  • Escherichia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Streptococcus

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4569 KiB  
Article
A Novel Flow Cytometric Approach for the Quantification and Quality Control of Chlamydia trachomatis Preparations
by Romana Klasinc, Michael Reiter, Astrid Digruber, Waltraud Tschulenk, Ingrid Walter, Alexander Kirschner, Andreas Spittler and Hannes Stockinger
Pathogens 2021, 10(12), 1617; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121617 - 12 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2669
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium with a biphasic developmental cycle manifesting two distinct morphological forms: infectious elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative intracellular reticulate bodies (RBs). Current standard protocols for quantification of the isolates assess infectious particles by titering inclusion-forming units, [...] Read more.
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium with a biphasic developmental cycle manifesting two distinct morphological forms: infectious elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative intracellular reticulate bodies (RBs). Current standard protocols for quantification of the isolates assess infectious particles by titering inclusion-forming units, using permissive cell lines, and analyzing via immunofluorescence. Enumeration of total particle counts is achieved by counting labeled EBs/RBs using a fluorescence microscope. Both methods are time-consuming with a high risk of observer bias. For a better assessment of C. trachomatis preparations, we developed a simple and time-saving flow cytometry-based workflow for quantifying small particles, such as EBs with a size of 300 nm. This included optimization of gain and threshold settings with the addition of a neutral density filter for small-particle discrimination. The nucleic acid dye SYBR® Green I (SGI) was used together with propidium iodide and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate to enumerate and discriminate between live and dead bacteria. We found no significant differences between the direct particle count of SGI-stained C. trachomatis preparations measured by microscopy or flow cytometry (p > 0.05). Furthermore, we completed our results by introducing a cell culture-independent viability assay. Our measurements showed very good reproducibility and comparability to the existing state-of-the-art methods, indicating that the evaluation of C. trachomatis preparations by flow cytometry is a fast and reliable method. Thus, our method facilitates an improved assessment of the quality of C. trachomatis preparations for downstream applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Classic and Non-classic Intracellular Bacteria: Host immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies)
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12 pages, 4901 KiB  
Article
Intracellular Behaviour of Legionella Non-pneumophila Strains within Three Amoeba Strains, Including Willaertia magna C2c Maky
by Aurélien Croze, Antoine Carlino, Benjamin Quélard, Adeline Saha, Tiphaine Convert, Jean-Baptiste Eberst and Sandrine Demanèche
Pathogens 2021, 10(10), 1350; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101350 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2504
Abstract
Legionellosis, an often-lethal pneumonia, is generally associated with contamination by Legionella pneumophila. This bacterium can persist in the environment and resist chemical treatment when it is internalized by amoebae. In addition, there is increasing medical proof that other Legionella species can be [...] Read more.
Legionellosis, an often-lethal pneumonia, is generally associated with contamination by Legionella pneumophila. This bacterium can persist in the environment and resist chemical treatment when it is internalized by amoebae. In addition, there is increasing medical proof that other Legionella species can be causative agents of Legionellosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Legionella non-pneumophila (Lnp) strains were able to use the machinery of amoeba to multiply, or whether amoebae were able to limit their proliferation. Seven strains belonging to the species L. longbeachae, L. anisa, L. bozemanae, L. taurinensis, and L. dumoffii were cocultured with three amoebae, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Willaertia magna T5(S)44, and Willaertia magna C2c Maky, at two temperatures, 22 and 37 °C. We found that at 22 °C, all amoebae were able to phagocytose the seven Lnp strains and to avoid intracellular development, except for L. longbeachae, which was able to multiply inside W. magna T5(S)44. At 37 °C, four Lnp strains were able to hijack the machinery of one or two amoebae and to use it to proliferate, but none were able to multiply inside W. magna C2c Maky. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Classic and Non-classic Intracellular Bacteria: Host immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies)
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Review

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29 pages, 5191 KiB  
Review
Non-Canonical Host Intracellular Niche Links to New Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanism
by Michaela Kember, Shannen Grandy, Renee Raudonis and Zhenyu Cheng
Pathogens 2022, 11(2), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020220 - 08 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2540
Abstract
Globally, infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death among people of all ages. The development of antimicrobials to treat infectious diseases has been one of the most significant advances in medical history. Alarmingly, antimicrobial resistance is a widespread phenomenon that [...] Read more.
Globally, infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death among people of all ages. The development of antimicrobials to treat infectious diseases has been one of the most significant advances in medical history. Alarmingly, antimicrobial resistance is a widespread phenomenon that will, without intervention, make currently treatable infections once again deadly. In an era of widespread antimicrobial resistance, there is a constant and pressing need to develop new antibacterial drugs. Unraveling the underlying resistance mechanisms is critical to fight this crisis. In this review, we summarize some emerging evidence of the non-canonical intracellular life cycle of two priority antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial factors that modulate this unique intracellular niche and its implications in contributing to resistance are discussed. We then briefly discuss some recent research that focused on the promises of boosting host immunity as a combination therapy with antimicrobials to eradicate these two particular pathogens. Finally, we summarize the importance of various strategies, including surveillance and vaccines, in mitigating the impacts of antimicrobial resistance in general. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Classic and Non-classic Intracellular Bacteria: Host immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies)
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