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Pathogens
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Advances in Yersinia Infection: Epidemiology, Omics Diagnosis and Control/Prevention
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Advances in Yersinia Infection: Epidemiology, Omics Diagnosis and Control/Prevention

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 September 2020) | Viewed by 23774

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Teshome Yehualaeshet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
Interests: development of robust and rapid molecular-based detection technique with major emphasis to foodborne pathogens and biothreat agents; food safety (Identification of the role and risk of injured foodborne pathogens after thermal, pH and other environmental challenge); antibiotic resistance and metabolomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Yersinia. Yersinioses are zoonotic infections of domestic and wild animals; humans are considered incidental hosts that do not contribute to the natural disease cycle. The genus Yersinia comprises 18 species, 3 of which are important human pathogens: Yersinia pestis (biothreat agent) and the two enteropathogenic Yersinia species Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis.

On a genomic level, Y. pestis is highly similar to the enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; however, a series of gene gain and loss events have led to the appearance of markedly different mechanisms of disease as well as niche preferences and lifestyle.

This Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of the infectious process of Yersinia and related omics, which is systematically crucial for the development of more effective strategies for diagnosis, control, and prevention of its diseases.

We hope you will participate by submitting a high-quality research paper or review article for inclusion in this Special Issue.

Dr. Teshome Yehualaeshet
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Yersinia
  • infection
  • omics
  • epidemiology
  • diagnosis
  • prevention
  • human
  • animals

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 7966 KiB  
Article
Specific Detection of Yersinia pestis Based on Receptor Binding Proteins of Phages
by Friederike Born, Peter Braun, Holger C. Scholz and Gregor Grass
Pathogens 2020, 9(8), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080611 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5370
Abstract
The highly pathogenic bacterium Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, a notorious infectious zoonotic disease. When transmitted from person to person as pneumonic plague via droplets, Y. pestis is highly contagious and in most cases is fatal if left untreated. Thus, [...] Read more.
The highly pathogenic bacterium Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, a notorious infectious zoonotic disease. When transmitted from person to person as pneumonic plague via droplets, Y. pestis is highly contagious and in most cases is fatal if left untreated. Thus, when plague is suspected, rapid diagnosis is crucial, as a serious course of the infection is only averted by early antibiotic therapy. The bacterium is easy to cultivate, accessible and has a high potential for nefarious use such as bioterrorism. Highly specific, rapid and easy-to-use confirmatory diagnostic methods are required to reliably identify the pathogen independently from PCR-based methods or F1 antigen-based immunological detection. Yersinia pestis specific phages such as L-413C and ΦA1122 are already used for detection of Y. pestis in bacterial plaque or biosensor assays. Here, we made use of the host specificities conferred by phage receptor binding (or tail fiber/spike) proteins (RBP) for developing a specific, fast and simple fluorescence-microscopy-based detection method for Y. pestis. Genes of putative RBP of phages L-413C (gpH) and ΦA1122 (gp17) were fused with those of fluorescent proteins and recombinant receptor-reporter fusion proteins were produced heterologously in Escherichia coli. When first tested on attenuated Y. pestis strain EV76, RBP-reporters bound to the bacterial cell surface. This assay could be completed within a few minutes using live or formaldehyde-inactivated cells. Specificity tests using cultures of closely related Yersinia species and several inactivated fully virulent Y. pestis strains exhibited high specificities of the RBP-reporters against Y. pestis. The L-413C RBP proved to be especially specific, as it only detected Y. pestis at all temperatures tested, whereas the RBP of ΦA1122 also bound to Y. pseudotuberculosis strains at 37 °C (but not at 28, 20 or 6 °C). Finally, the Y. pestis-specific capsule, produced when grown at 37 °C, significantly reduced binding of phage ΦA1122 RBP, whereas the capsule only slightly diminished binding of L-413C RBP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Yersinia Infection: Epidemiology, Omics Diagnosis and Control/Prevention)
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Review

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28 pages, 2048 KiB  
Review
Yersiniosis in New Zealand
by Lucia Rivas, Hugo Strydom, Shevaun Paine, Jing Wang and Jackie Wright
Pathogens 2021, 10(2), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020191 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5428
Abstract
The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of [...] Read more.
The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A “One-Health” approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Yersinia Infection: Epidemiology, Omics Diagnosis and Control/Prevention)
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14 pages, 1249 KiB  
Review
The Diverse Roles of the Global Transcriptional Regulator PhoP in the Lifecycle of Yersinia pestis
by Hana S. Fukuto, Gloria I. Viboud and Viveka Vadyvaloo
Pathogens 2020, 9(12), 1039; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121039 - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 8584
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has a complex infectious cycle that alternates between mammalian hosts (rodents and humans) and insect vectors (fleas). Consequently, it must adapt to a wide range of host environments to achieve successful propagation. Y. pestis PhoP [...] Read more.
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has a complex infectious cycle that alternates between mammalian hosts (rodents and humans) and insect vectors (fleas). Consequently, it must adapt to a wide range of host environments to achieve successful propagation. Y. pestis PhoP is a response regulator of the PhoP/PhoQ two-component signal transduction system that plays a critical role in the pathogen’s adaptation to hostile conditions. PhoP is activated in response to various host-associated stress signals detected by the sensor kinase PhoQ and mediates changes in global gene expression profiles that lead to cellular responses. Y. pestis PhoP is required for resistance to antimicrobial peptides, as well as growth under low Mg2+ and other stress conditions, and controls a number of metabolic pathways, including an alternate carbon catabolism. Loss of phoP function in Y. pestis causes severe defects in survival inside mammalian macrophages and neutrophils in vitro, and a mild attenuation in murine plague models in vivo, suggesting its role in pathogenesis. A Y. pestisphoP mutant also exhibits reduced ability to form biofilm and to block fleas in vivo, indicating that the gene is also important for establishing a transmissible infection in this vector. Additionally, phoP promotes the survival of Y. pestis inside the soil-dwelling amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii, a potential reservoir while the pathogen is quiescent. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the mechanisms of PhoP-mediated gene regulation in Y. pestis and examine the significance of the roles played by the PhoP regulon at each stage of the Y. pestis life cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Yersinia Infection: Epidemiology, Omics Diagnosis and Control/Prevention)
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15 pages, 256 KiB  
Review
Far Eastern Scarlet-Like Fever is a Special Clinical and Epidemic Manifestation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection in Russia
by Larisa M. Somova, Fedor F. Antonenko, Nelly F. Timchenko and Irina N. Lyapun
Pathogens 2020, 9(6), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060436 - 2 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3560
Abstract
Pseudotuberculosis in humans until the 1950s was found in different countries of the world as a rare sporadic disease that occurred in the form of acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. In Russia and Japan, the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Y. pseudotuberculosis) infection often [...] Read more.
Pseudotuberculosis in humans until the 1950s was found in different countries of the world as a rare sporadic disease that occurred in the form of acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. In Russia and Japan, the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Y. pseudotuberculosis) infection often causes outbreaks of the disease with serious systemic inflammatory symptoms, and this variant of the disease has been known since 1959 as Far Eastern Scarlet-like Fever (FESLF). Russian researchers have proven that the FESLF pathogen is associated with a concrete clonal line of Y. pseudotuberculosis, characterized by a specific plasmid profile (pVM82, pYV 48 MDa), sequence (2ST) and yadA gene allele (1st allele). This review summarized the most important achievements in the study of FESLF since its discovery in the Far East. It has been established that the FESLF causative agent is characterized by a unique phenomenon of psychrophilicity, which consists of its ability to reproduce in the environment with its biologically low and variable temperature (4–12 °C), at which the pathogen multiplies and accumulates while maintaining or increasing its virulence, which ensures the emergence and development of the epidemic process. The key genetic and biochemical mechanisms of Y. pseudotuberculosis adaptation to changing environmental conditions were characterized, and the morphological manifestations of the adaptive variability of these bacteria in different conditions of their habitat were revealed. The main features of the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of FESLF, including those associated with the Y. pseudotuberculosis toxigenicity, were presented. The pathogenetic value of the plasmid PVM82, found only in the FESLF pathogen, was shown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Yersinia Infection: Epidemiology, Omics Diagnosis and Control/Prevention)
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