Recent Advances in Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines and Therapeutic Developments".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2026 | Viewed by 400

Editors


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Guest Editor
Clinical Laboratory, Tokuda Hospital, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: HIV; retroviruses; oncogenic viruses; vaccines; new vaccine platforms

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, 15 Acad. Ivan Geshov Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: HIV; clinical infectious diseases; viral infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccinology is a rapidly and continuously evolving field of knowledge and practice. Vaccine-induced immunity aims to mediate protection from different direct or indirect pathogen effects – including infection, disease, hospitalization, and even death. The benefit to the individual, no matter how great it may seem, is incomparable to the benefit to public health and development. Today, in a time of daily advances in biotechnology on one hand, and the threat of emerging and re-еmerging pathogens/viruses on the other, vaccines are becoming a lifelong companion.

Pathogens aims not only to explore the identification of new infectious agents and their interactions with the host, but is also interested in the most modern technologies and approaches to preventing infections, including in specific vulnerable groups of the population. As such, Pathogens is dedicating a Special Issue to “Recent Advances in Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases”. This Special Issue of Pathogens welcomes contributions on new vaccine discoveries and/or proof-of-concept, vaccines against chronic infections that target recurrent disease caused by reactivation of latent infection, monoclonal antibodies/nanоbodies for the treatment/suppression of viral loads and accompanying symptoms, vaccine-elicited mucosal antibodies, vaccine-induced cellular immunity, further development of virus-like particles vaccines, vector vaccines and vaccination by gene delivery, nucleic acid vaccines, and mRNA vaccines. Special attention will be focused on the vaccination of immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, travelers, and the elderly population.

To fulfill its mission, this Special Issue invites prominent microbiologists/virologists, epidemiologists, and specialists in molecular biology to share their knowledge and experience in the field.

Prof. Dr. Radka Argirova
Dr. Trifon Valkov
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • vaccines
  • infectious diseases
  • immunization

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 5848 KB  
Article
Construction of Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Expressing the Pro-Apoptotic Protein BIK and Its Impact on Macrophage Apoptosis
by Yaning Pang and Jing Bi
Pathogens 2026, 15(8), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15080857 - 17 Aug 2026
Viewed by 190
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major global health threat. A key virulence mechanism involves the pathogen’s ability to inhibit apoptosis in infected macrophages, thereby facilitating immune evasion and persistent infection. The pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-interacting killer (BIK) represents a critical [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major global health threat. A key virulence mechanism involves the pathogen’s ability to inhibit apoptosis in infected macrophages, thereby facilitating immune evasion and persistent infection. The pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-interacting killer (BIK) represents a critical mediator of macrophage apoptosis. In this study, we engineered a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis strain (rMs-BIK) designed to secrete BIK via fusion with the Ag85B signal peptide (ASP). Secretion and expression of the BIK protein were confirmed by Western blotting. Quantitative flow cytometric analysis revealed that rMs-BIK induced significant apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages, with rates of 14.49%, 14.22%, and 22.24% at 12, 24, and 48 h post-infection, respectively. These values were markedly higher than those observed in cells infected with the wild-type strain (7.68%, 9.24%, and 10.90%) or the empty vector control (8.80%, 11.19%, and 14.43%). Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of functional pro-apoptotic protein delivery using a mycobacterial vector, providing a robust foundation for the future development of recombinant BCG-based vaccine candidates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases)
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