Thinking Inside the Host: Strategies of Facultative Intracellular Bacteria

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2026 | Viewed by 1842

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS, 00166 Rome, Italy
Interests: elucidating virulence mechanisms, particularly in human pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Shigella flexneri
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Facultative intracellular bacteria have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that allow them to invade host cells, evade immune defenses, hijack cellular processes, and utilize intracellular compartments as safe niches for replication and persistence. From Acinetobacter baumannii to Salmonella, Listeria, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Legionella, and others, these pathogens use the intracellular environment to their advantage, neutralizing intracellular antimicrobial defenses and eventually determining the fate of the host cell.

This Special Issue welcomes original research articles and reviews that elucidate the molecular strategies these pathogens employ to invade, persist, and disseminate inside their eukaryotic hosts. Particular emphasis will be placed on intracellular trafficking, molecular mechanisms, immune evasion, niche establishment, and cell-to-cell spreading. We particularly welcome studies on the impacts of such intracellular lifestyles on antibiotic tolerance, chronic infections, and co-evolution with the host.

Join us in advancing our understanding of how these microorganisms “think inside the host” and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches against pathogens for which current therapeutic options remain limited.

Prof. Dr. Cecilia Ambrosi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • facultative intracellular bacteria
  • eukaryotic hosts
  • pathogens invade
  • pathogens persist
  • pathogens disseminate

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

29 pages, 5959 KB  
Review
Inside Enemy Lines: Adhesion, Invasion, and Intracellular Persistence of Acinetobacter baumannii in the Respiratory Epithelium
by Dolores Limongi, Daniela Scribano, Anna Teresa Palamara and Cecilia Ambrosi
Pathogens 2026, 15(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15010102 - 19 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1220
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical pathogen and a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised patients. Although most research has focused on antimicrobial resistance, growing evidence shows that A. baumannii can efficiently adhere to, invade, and persist within human airway epithelial cells. [...] Read more.
Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical pathogen and a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised patients. Although most research has focused on antimicrobial resistance, growing evidence shows that A. baumannii can efficiently adhere to, invade, and persist within human airway epithelial cells. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms used by A. baumannii to establish infection, highlighting the bacterial traits responsible for attachment to airway epithelia, entry into host cells, manipulation of intracellular trafficking pathways to avoid degradation, metabolic adaptation to the host environment, and interference with immune defenses. The findings reported herein come from host–pathogen studies performed using epithelial cell lines, Galleria mellonella, and murine models, and from human primary airway cells. Despite the prominent role of the outer membrane protein OmpA, it is clear that A. baumannii pathogenicity relies on multiple, often redundant, virulence strategies to secure its intracellular niche and resist host pressures. Remarkably, strain heterogeneity in virulence traits between lab-domesticated and clinical isolates supports differential intracellular behavior and pathogenic potential. A deeper understanding of A. baumannii infection mechanisms is essential to design anti-virulence strategies that disarm this life-threatening bacterium, reduce selective pressure, limit resistance, and guide next-generation therapeutic interventions. Full article
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