Bacterial Infections and Drug Resistance in Wildlife

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2026) | Viewed by 1726

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; wildlife; infectious diseases; veterinary microbiology; whole-genome sequencing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a significant threat to wildlife conservation. While much of the existing research focuses on domestic animals and human health, mounting evidence indicates that wild animals can harbor a wide range of bacterial pathogens and may act as reservoirs, spillover hosts, or sentinels of environmental health. However, the pathogenicity, virulence factors, and disease outcomes of these infections in wild species remain poorly understood, due to limited surveillance and diagnostic challenges.

This Special Issue calls attention to the urgent need for documenting bacterial infections and antimicrobial treatment challenges in wild animals caused by pathogenic and/or resistant bacteria, particularly in wildlife rehabilitation centers, zoological institutions, and other facilities involved in the rescue, care, and management of wild species.Documenting such clinical and natural events is essential for understanding the practical consequences and ecological significance of bacterial infections and AMR in wildlife, and for guiding therapeutic decision-making, conservation efforts, and One Health strategies.

High-quality submissions are encouraged, especially those that explore bacterial infections in wildlife through approaches such as pathogenesis analysis, genomic and virulence profiling, antimicrobial resistance characterization, histopathological evaluation, forensic microbiology, outbreak investigation, and other related areas.

Dr. Danny Fuentes-Castillo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • virulence
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • wildlife
  • conservation
  • infectious diseases

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 773 KB  
Article
A Two-Year Study on Swifts (Apus spp.) as Bioindicators of Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance Within a One Health Framework
by Erika Esposito, Raffaele Scarpellini, Tiziano De Lorentis, Anna Zaghini, Giovanna Marliani, Elisabetta Mondo, Stefano Pesaro and Silvia Piva
Pathogens 2026, 15(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15010097 - 16 Jan 2026
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human, animal and environmental health, underscoring the need for integrated surveillance to understand its dynamics and ecosystem interactions. This study investigated the potential of swifts (Apus spp.), long-distance migratory birds, as valuable bioindicators of [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human, animal and environmental health, underscoring the need for integrated surveillance to understand its dynamics and ecosystem interactions. This study investigated the potential of swifts (Apus spp.), long-distance migratory birds, as valuable bioindicators of environmental AMR dissemination. Four sampling sessions were conducted over two years (2023–2024) at a wildlife rehabilitation center in Trieste, Italy. Buccal and cloacal swabs were collected from 47 swifts: 10 sampled at arrival and 37 before autumn migration. Swabs were streaked on selective media for targeted isolation of Enterobacterales, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, yielding 168 bacterial isolates. Bacteria were identified using MALDI-TOF and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed through disk diffusion method, using ECOFFs values or “no inhibition zone” criterion. Of the 168 bacterial isolates, 51 (30.36%) were non-wild type (NWT), with highest percentages of NWT isolates for clarithromycin (33.33%), erythromycin (31.50%), clindamycin (21.88%) and tetracycline (14.29%). Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (45.83%) and carbapenem NWT isolates (9.38%) were also detected. Bacillales isolates showed significantly higher NWT proportion (58.33%; p < 0.0001) compared to Enterobacterales and Lactobacillales. These findings, in clinically healthy non-antimicrobial treated swifts, suggest environmental exposure to resistant bacteria, and support a possible role of swifts as bioindicators of environmental AMR contamination, highlighting the need to strengthen environmental AMR surveillance within a One Health perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Drug Resistance in Wildlife)
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20 pages, 4436 KB  
Article
Genomic Insights into Pasteurella multocida Serotype B:2 from Hemorrhagic Septicemia Outbreaks in Wildlife and Livestock in Kazakhstan
by Asylulan Amirgazin, Gulzhan Yessembekova, Assel Akhmetova, Talgat Karibayev, Kassym Mukanov, Elena Shevtsova, Bolat Abdigulov and Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov
Pathogens 2025, 14(12), 1273; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14121273 - 11 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 841
Abstract
Outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella multocida serogroup B are endemic in Kazakhstan. These outbreaks have repeatedly led to mass mortality events among wild saigas and economic losses to farms. The aim of this study was to conduct the first whole-genome [...] Read more.
Outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella multocida serogroup B are endemic in Kazakhstan. These outbreaks have repeatedly led to mass mortality events among wild saigas and economic losses to farms. The aim of this study was to conduct the first whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis of P. multocida genomes associated with HS cases in saigas and livestock in Kazakhstan. In this study, WGS was performed on 22 P. multocida isolates obtained from saigas and livestock. A comparative genomic analysis of P. multocida isolates from Kazakhstan and publicly available genomes was performed. All isolates belonged to the B:2:ST122 genotype and formed distinct phylogenetic clusters based on outbreaks in saiga populations and livestock. Clustering also corresponded to identified mutations in virulence genes. Isolates recovered from the 2015 mass mortality of saigas in the Betpak-Dala population were found to have a deletion of the flp1 gene. This observation emphasizes the study of the role of Flp pili in HS pathogenesis. Comparison of the P. multocida B:L2:ST122 genomes revealed low virulence gene diversity and an open pangenome. Prophage annotation did not identify virulence or pathogenicity genes. The obtained results will be useful for future studies of HS pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections and Drug Resistance in Wildlife)
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