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Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources
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Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources

A special issue of Particles (ISSN 2571-712X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 8939

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hideaki Ohgaki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Interests: accelerator physics; quantum radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sakhorn Rimjaem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Interests: free electron lasers; linac; electron; synchrotron light source; accelerator physics; synchrotron radiation; spectrometers; electron beam technologies; electron beam instrumentation
Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Hama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Miyagi, Japan
Interests: free electron laser; non-linear dynamics; particle accelerators

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the use of high-power radiation has gained attention rapidly due to its essential interaction with different types of materials. Recent progress regarding the generation of high-power radiation is now creating new prospects in various fields, including material science, biophysics, medical sciences, and industrial applications. 

High-peak power radiation plays an important role in various applications, especially in ultra-fast beam technology, which can be used in studies of basic science as well as the ultra-fast dynamics of atoms and molecules. Radiation sources that are capable of producing stable pulses with sufficiently high-peak power are essential in ultra-fast spectroscopy or material processing. Accelerator-based radiation sources in forms of free-electron lasers (FELs) and coherent synchrotron/transition radiations from ultra-short electron beams are promising sources for the generation of high-peak power radiation with the possibility of tuning frequencies. FELs can produce high-peak power radiation in a region of X-ray/UV/MIR/THz depending on electron beam energy and the magnetic structure of the undulator. Coherent synchrotron and transition radiations are typically used to produce radiation in a THz regime. Tabletop intense THz sources based on the femtosecond laser and photoconductive antennas, non-linear crystals, optical rectification sources, plasma-based THz sources, topological insulators, spintronic materials, and metasurfaces are also interesting sources for compact setup.

Among the high-power radiation applications, some do not require high-peak power radiation. Instead, they need high average-power radiation. An important example of such a radiation source is the synchrotron light source, in which the radiation is produced from high-energy and high-current electron beams. Synchrotron radiation has high intensity, high photon flux, and a wide range in wavelengths (from infrared to hard X-ray) with well-understood spectrum intensity. Another advantage is the possibility of having several beamlines with different radiation wavelengths for different applications.

The research and development of high-power radiation sources with various types of techniques have been carried out worldwide. High-power radiation is widely utilized, with a great number of applications. This Special Issue is a collaboration between Particles and the "15th Eco-Energy and Materials Science and Engineering Symposium: Special session on "Generation and Application of High-power Radiation Sources”.  It is an attempt to summarize the research in the relevant areas for both symposium attendees and other interested researchers. Original contributions of experimental work, computational work, combinations of the two, review papers are very welcome.

Prof. Dr. Hideaki Ohgaki
Dr. Sakhorn Rimjaem
Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Hama
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Particles is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 897 KiB  
Article
Characterization of RF System for MIR/THz Free Electron Lasers at Chiang Mai University
by Pitchayapak Kitisri, Jatuporn Saisut and Sakhorn Rimjaem
Particles 2024, 7(2), 382-391; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles7020021 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 384
Abstract
The establishment of the mid-infrared and terahertz free-electron laser (MIR/THz FEL) facility is ongoing at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory (PCELL) in Chiang Mai University. The facility utilizes an S-band radio-frequency (RF) gun and a linear accelerator (linac) to generate and accelerate electron [...] Read more.
The establishment of the mid-infrared and terahertz free-electron laser (MIR/THz FEL) facility is ongoing at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory (PCELL) in Chiang Mai University. The facility utilizes an S-band radio-frequency (RF) gun and a linear accelerator (linac) to generate and accelerate electron bunches. These electron bunches are accelerated in the RF gun and the linac using RF pulses with a frequency of 2856 MHz. Measuring the RF properties becomes essential, as the RF pulse information can be utilized to estimate the electron beam properties. To achieve the measurement results, we employed an RF measurement system comprising directional couplers, coaxial cables, attenuators, a crystal detector, and an oscilloscope. Prior to conducting measurements, the crystal detector and RF equipment were calibrated and characterized to ensure precise and reliable results. The electron beam energy estimation using the measured RF power was compared with the measured beam energies. The gun and the linac were operated with an absorbed RF power of 1.52 MW and an input power of 1.92 MW, respectively. The estimated electron beam energies were found to be 2.18 MeV and 15.0 MeV, respectively, closely aligning with the measured beam energies of 2.1 MeV and 14.0 MeV after the gun and linac acceleration. These consistent energy values support the reliability of our RF power measurement system and procedure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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15 pages, 6279 KiB  
Article
Development of a Combined Horizontal and Vertical Correcting Magnet for Siam Photon Source II
by Supachai Prawanta, Prapaiwan Sunwong, Pariwat Singthong, Thongchai Leetha, Pajeeraphorn Numanoy, Warissara Tangyotkhajorn, Apichai Kwankasem, Visitchai Sooksrimuang, Sukho Kongtawong and Supat Klinkiew
Particles 2023, 6(4), 898-912; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040058 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1010
Abstract
A prototype of a combined horizontal and vertical correcting magnet was designed and fabricated for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II, which will be the second synchrotron light source in Thailand. The magnet will be employed for fast-orbit feedback [...] Read more.
A prototype of a combined horizontal and vertical correcting magnet was designed and fabricated for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II, which will be the second synchrotron light source in Thailand. The magnet will be employed for fast-orbit feedback correction, with a required magnetic field integral of approximately 8 Tesla.mm. The magnet pole and yoke were manufactured using laminated silicon steel to minimize hysteresis and eddy current losses during operation. Magnet modeling and magnetic field calculations were performed using Opera-3D. The size of the gap between the magnet poles is limited by the size of the vacuum chamber over which the magnet will be installed; in this case, it was designed to be 65 mm. Mechanical analysis of the structure of the magnet was performed using SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS. Magnetic field measurements were obtained using the Hall probe technique. The entire prototype, from its design to manufacturing and measurement, was completed in-house. This design will be appropriate for application at the Siam Photon Source II storage ring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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7 pages, 3985 KiB  
Communication
Amplitude and Phase Control of RF Pulse Using IQ Modulator to Improve Electron Beam Quality
by Shimon Yamada, Shigeru Kashiwagi, Ikuro Nagasawa, Ken-ichi Nanbu, Toshiya Muto, Ken Takahashi, Ken Kanomata, Kotaro Shibata, Fujio Hinode, Sadao Miura, Hiroki Yamada, Kohei Kumagai and Hiroyuki Hama
Particles 2023, 6(3), 739-745; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6030046 - 18 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1185
Abstract
A test-Accelerator as Coherent Terahertz Source (t-ACTS) has been under development at Tohoku University, in which an intense coherent terahertz radiation is generated from the short electron bunches. Velocity bunching scheme in a traveling wave accelerating structure is employed to generate the short [...] Read more.
A test-Accelerator as Coherent Terahertz Source (t-ACTS) has been under development at Tohoku University, in which an intense coherent terahertz radiation is generated from the short electron bunches. Velocity bunching scheme in a traveling wave accelerating structure is employed to generate the short electron bunches. The in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulator and demodulator were installed to the low-level RF systems of t-ACTS linac to control and measure the amplitude and phase of RF power. The amplitude and phase of the RF power applied to an RF electron gun cavities and the accelerating structure are controlled to produce the electron bunches with a uniform and small momentum spread suitable for the velocity bunching. By installing the feed-forward control system using IQ modulators for the beam conditioning, we have successfully generated flat RF pulses and improved beam quality, including the energy spectrum of the beam. The details of feed-forward control system of the amplitude and phase using the IQ modulator and the beam experiments are presented in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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10 pages, 3135 KiB  
Article
Electron Energy Spectrometer for MIR-THz FEL Light Source at Chiang Mai University
by Kittipong Techakaew, Kanlayaporn Kongmali and Sakhorn Rimjaem
Particles 2023, 6(3), 703-712; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6030043 - 07 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 887
Abstract
The linear accelerator system of the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory has been designed with the aim of generating free-electron lasers (FELs) in the mid-infrared (MIR) and terahertz (THz) regions. The quality of the radiation is strongly dependent on the properties of the electron [...] Read more.
The linear accelerator system of the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory has been designed with the aim of generating free-electron lasers (FELs) in the mid-infrared (MIR) and terahertz (THz) regions. The quality of the radiation is strongly dependent on the properties of the electron beam. Among the important beam parameters, the electron beam energy and energy spread are particularly important. To accurately measure the electron beam energy, the first dipole magnet in the bunch compressor system and the downstream screen station are employed as an energy spectrometer. The A Space Charge Tracking Algorithm (ASTRA) software is used for the design and optimization of this system. Simulation results demonstrate that the developed spectrometer is capable of accurately measuring the energy within the 5–25 MeV range. The screen station system is designed and constructed to have the ability to capture a beam size with a resolution of 0.1 mm per pixel. This resolution is achieved with a screen-to-camera distance of 1.2 m, which proves sufficient for precise energy measurement. The systematic error in energy measurement is found to be less than 10%, with a minimum energy spread of 0.4% achievable when the horizontal beam size remains below 3 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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10 pages, 1784 KiB  
Article
Study of Coherent Smith–Purcell Radiation in the Terahertz Region Using Ultra-Short Electron Bunches
by Hiroki Yamada, Toshiya Muto, Fujio Hinode, Shigeru Kashiwagi, Ken-ichi Nanbu, Ken Kanomata, Ikuro Nagasawa, Ken Takahashi, Koutaro Shibata and Hiroyuki Hama
Particles 2023, 6(3), 693-702; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6030042 - 03 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1042
Abstract
Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR) can be generated nondestructively, providing valuable applications in light sources and beam monitors. Coherent SPR is expected to enable single-shot measurements of very short bunch lengths on the fs scale. Since the reconstruction of the longitudinal bunch shape from the [...] Read more.
Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR) can be generated nondestructively, providing valuable applications in light sources and beam monitors. Coherent SPR is expected to enable single-shot measurements of very short bunch lengths on the fs scale. Since the reconstruction of the longitudinal bunch shape from the coherent SPR is based on the reliable SPR spectrum, a more detailed understanding of the properties of the radiation is important in this context. Employing a 100 fs ultrashort electron bunch at the t-ACTS test accelerator, the spectrum, angular distribution, and polarization of the produced coherent SPR were measured in the terahertz frequency region and compared with a model calculation. In addition to the widely known surface current model evaluation, the effect of the geometrical shading effect on induced currents on metal surfaces was evaluated using 3D numerical calculations. The obtained SPR characteristics are also presented. In the evaluation of the grating with a shallow blaze angle, it was found that the shading effect has a non-negligible effect on the generated SPR intensity; the measured angular distribution and polarization results were in good agreement with this result. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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8 pages, 3634 KiB  
Article
Design and Beam Dynamic Studies of an Injector for a Compact THz Coherent Radiation Source
by Siriwan Jummunt, Wanisa Promdee, Thakonwat Chanwattana, Nawin Junthong, Somjai Chunjarean and Supat Klinkhieo
Particles 2023, 6(2), 674-681; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6020040 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1052
Abstract
An intense narrow-band terahertz (THz) radiation source has been designed to generate a broad tuning range of radiation frequencies between 0.5 THz and 5.0 THz. The THz radiation is produced when a short-bunch electron beam propagates through an undulator. To achieve high-power peak [...] Read more.
An intense narrow-band terahertz (THz) radiation source has been designed to generate a broad tuning range of radiation frequencies between 0.5 THz and 5.0 THz. The THz radiation is produced when a short-bunch electron beam propagates through an undulator. To achieve high-power peak radiation, the source requires high-brightness electron beams with low beam emittance and short bunch length. A proposed design for the photocathode RF gun used as the electron source is presented. The gun with high mode separation and high Q-factor can be achieved for producing a good beam quality. The beam dynamics of the injector have been preliminarily optimized using the software ASTRA and Elegant, investigating the impact of laser pulse shape on electron beam quality. The results of the beam dynamics studies are comprehensively discussed in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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10 pages, 2897 KiB  
Article
Development of Type A Quadrupole Magnet for Siam Photon Source II
by Supachai Prawanta, Thongchai Leetha, Pariwat Singthong, Pajeeraphorn Numanoy, Apichai Kwankasem, Visitchai Sooksrimuang, Chaiyut Preecha, Supat Klinkiew and Prapaiwan Sunwong
Particles 2023, 6(2), 664-673; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6020039 - 09 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1454
Abstract
A prototype of a type A quadrupole magnet has been designed and manufactured for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II, the second synchrotron light source in Thailand. The required quadrupole gradient is 51 T/m with the magnet effective length [...] Read more.
A prototype of a type A quadrupole magnet has been designed and manufactured for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II, the second synchrotron light source in Thailand. The required quadrupole gradient is 51 T/m with the magnet effective length being 162 mm. Magnet modeling and magnetic field calculation were performed using Radia and Opera-3D. The bore radius of the magnet is 16 mm. The magnet will be operated at the excitation of 5544 A-turns. A mechanical analysis of the magnet structure was performed in SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS, where the maximum deformation of 0.003 mm was found at the magnet poles, and the first-mode natural frequency was higher than 100 Hz. The magnet yoke is made of AISI 1006 low-carbon steel with a fabrication tolerance of ±0.020 mm. Magnet coils are water-cooled and made of high-purity copper. The temperature rise of the coils was below 3.0 °C at the maximum excitation of 6664 A-turns, which is 20% above the operating point. Magnetic field measurement was carried out using the Hall probe technique. The measured magnetic field and coil temperature of the prototype show good agreement with the calculations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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9 pages, 2081 KiB  
Article
The Particle-Tracking Simulation of a New Photocathode RF Gun in the Free-Electron Laser Facility, KU-FEL
by Yuhao Zhao, Heishun Zen and Hideaki Ohgaki
Particles 2023, 6(2), 638-646; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6020037 - 06 Jun 2023
Viewed by 944
Abstract
A project is underway that aims to generate attosecond pulses via high-harmonic generation in rare gases, driven by extremely short and highly intense pulses from free-electron-laser oscillators. For this purpose, it has been planned that a new photocathode RF gun, dedicated to high-bunch-charge [...] Read more.
A project is underway that aims to generate attosecond pulses via high-harmonic generation in rare gases, driven by extremely short and highly intense pulses from free-electron-laser oscillators. For this purpose, it has been planned that a new photocathode RF gun, dedicated to high-bunch-charge operation, will be installed at the KU-FEL (Kyoto University Free Electron Laser) oscillator facility. In this study, RF guns with two different structures (1.6-cell and 1.4-cell) were compared, from the perspective of exploring the possibility of introducing bunch-interval modulation, which is important for achieving high extraction efficiency in the FEL oscillator. As a result, it was confirmed that the introduction of bunch-phase modulation would be possible only in the case of the 1.6-cell RF gun. After the structure of the RF gun was decided on, particle-tracking simulations were performed, to study the electron-beam parameters using the 1.6-cell RF gun and 1 nC bunch charge. The results showed that we could obtain the peak current of 1 kA without a large degradation of the other parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)
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