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Traditional Diets: Sustainability, Sovereignty, Safety, Food Security and Health Dimensions

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2022) | Viewed by 18622

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Integrative Biology and Systems, Laval University, Canada
Interests: environmental contaminants; ocean changes; marine traditional and local foods; indigenous and coastal populations’ health; knowledge mobilization

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Guest Editor
School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Canada
Interests: food security; food systems; food sovereignty; food environments; nutrition; noncommunicable diseases; global health; indigenous health

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Guest Editor
Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre for Public Health Research, Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP) of the Université de Montréal and the CIUSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal
Interests: food systems; nutrition transition; indigenous health; traditional food; inequalities in nutrition and health; malnutrition

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Guest Editor
Canada Research Chair (Tier II) in Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Food Sovereignty; Associate Director, Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition & Environment (CINE), McGill University
Interests: public health nutrition of Indigenous population; health inequities by addressing the social determinants of health using participatory research

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The deep and enduring relationships between Indigenous Peoples and lands, waters, wildlife, and plants are well documented. Indigenous populations rely on traditional foods harvested or grown on their homelands to sustain cultural continuity and identity, culinary preferences, livelihoods, intergenerational knowledge sharing, food security, nutrition, and physical, social, and emotional health.

Traditional foods are real foods: they are minimally processed, of exceptional nutritional quality, and as Indigenous colleagues often say, “they taste very good and connect us to the land”. Indigenous Peoples have been marginalized in most countries and face a larger burden of economic disadvantage with consequences for the attainment of food security as well as higher prevalence of ill health, including nutrition-related chronic disease. These burdens that are associated with territorial estrangement and loss of sovereignty highlight the importance of traditional foods in combating food insecurity and preventing ill health. However, the sustainability, availability, access, and nutritional quality of these foods have been threatened by ongoing colonial policies and processes that have disrupted the relationships between Indigenous communities and their homelands. Further, global climate change, environmental contaminants, and zoonotic pathogens exacerbate existing challenges to accessing safe traditional foods. Shifting demography in Indigenous communities, as well as poor quality of market foods and their high prices in more remote communities, exert additional pressures on community food security, with implications for dietary adequacy and nutritional health. These threats to Indigenous traditional food systems constitute one of many health inequities and environmental injustices faced by Indigenous communities globally. To address such challenges, it is necessary to co-develop evidence through strong community-based participatory approaches to strengthen Indigenous food systems through monitoring and research that lead to scalable localized adaptation strategies and global advocacy. Indigenous communities have shown strong resilience and adaptive capacity to the complex threats to traditional food systems, and promoting safe and sustainable traditional food systems can reconnect Indigenous communities with their identities, traditions, and lands.

With this Special Issue, “Traditional diets: Sustainability, Sovereignty, Safety, Food Security, and Health Dimensions”, we aim to highlight a series of papers fostering innovative approaches to building an evidence base on these important issues to sustain reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples and mobilize knowledge to mitigate nutrition and health inequities in Indigenous communities.

Prof. Dr. Mélanie Lemire
Dr. Matthew Little
Prof. Dr. Malek Batal
Prof. Dr. Treena Wasonti:io Delormier
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • traditional foods
  • country foods
  • indigenous health
  • indigenous knowledge
  • food systems
  • food security
  • nutrition transition
  • global changes
  • environmental contaminants
  • inequalities in nutrition and health
  • environmental justice

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 295 KiB  
Communication
Traditional Individual and Environmental Determinants of Healthy Eating in Vihiga County, Western Kenya
by Daniela Penafiel, Celine Termote and Patrick Van Damme
Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2791; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142791 - 7 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1881
Abstract
Traditional ethnic groups in Kenya are unlikely to eat a healthy and diversified diet due to many individual and environmental factors, which may result in poor health status. Therefore, the determinants of eating behavior need to be identified prior to any public health [...] Read more.
Traditional ethnic groups in Kenya are unlikely to eat a healthy and diversified diet due to many individual and environmental factors, which may result in poor health status. Therefore, the determinants of eating behavior need to be identified prior to any public health action. For this study, focus group discussions (15 in total) in a double-layer design were conducted, comprising adult men and women from 5 villages of Vihiga County. Questions explored knowledge; barriers and cues to action toward eating a healthy diet containing a variety of foods; including indigenous food species. We found that healthy eating concepts are known; however, several taboos that restrict food consumption reduce local diet quality in terms of diversity. Nutrition education is a cue to action. We identified several individual and environmental determinants of eating behavior in the studied communities. Public health action should focus on supporting healthy eating behaviors and refining some taboos’ beliefs. Full article
25 pages, 1364 KiB  
Article
Informing the Co-Development of Culture-Centered Dietary Messaging in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Northwest Territories
by Julia Gyapay, Kanelsa Noksana, Sonja Ostertag, Sonia Wesche, Brian Douglas Laird and Kelly Skinner
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091915 - 3 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2859
Abstract
Northern Indigenous communities require collaborative approaches to health communication about food that are grounded in Indigenous knowledges and cultures; however, preferences and best methods for this process remain understudied. This participatory study discusses how Inuvialuit (Inuit from the Western Arctic) knowledge and the [...] Read more.
Northern Indigenous communities require collaborative approaches to health communication about food that are grounded in Indigenous knowledges and cultures; however, preferences and best methods for this process remain understudied. This participatory study discusses how Inuvialuit (Inuit from the Western Arctic) knowledge and the perspectives of territorial, regional, and local dietary message stakeholders can inform the co-development of culture-centered dietary messaging to support healthy, safe, and culturally appropriate diets in Tuktoyaktuk, NWT. A community researcher in Tuktoyaktuk conducted storytelling interviews with country food knowledge holders (n = 7) and community members (n = 3), and a talking circle with local public health dietary message disseminators (n = 2) in June–July 2021. The lead author conducted key informant telephone and videoconference interviews with territorial and regional dietary message disseminators (n = 5) in June 2021. Interviews were coded and analyzed thematically. Our findings indicate that participants at all levels support increased inclusion of cultural and community perspectives about food to develop regionally and locally tailored dietary messaging. While most dietary message stakeholders wish to be involved in co-development processes, some country food knowledge holders in Tuktoyaktuk expressed a desire to lead local communications about country foods. Informed by participants’ experiences and needs, we provide recommendations for future community-led approaches to further (co-)develop and communicate effective, culturally meaningful dietary messaging that promotes Inuvialuit food sovereignty. Full article
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16 pages, 489 KiB  
Article
Relationality, Responsibility and Reciprocity: Cultivating Indigenous Food Sovereignty within Urban Environments
by Elisabeth Miltenburg, Hannah Tait Neufeld and Kim Anderson
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1737; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091737 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3791
Abstract
There are collective movements of Indigenous food sovereignty (IFS) initiatives taking up place and space within urban environments across the Grand River Territory, within southern Ontario, Canada. Indigenous Peoples living within urban centres are often displaced from their home territories and are seeking [...] Read more.
There are collective movements of Indigenous food sovereignty (IFS) initiatives taking up place and space within urban environments across the Grand River Territory, within southern Ontario, Canada. Indigenous Peoples living within urban centres are often displaced from their home territories and are seeking opportunities to reconnect with culture and identity through Land and food. This research was guided by Indigenous research methodologies and applied community-based participatory research to highlight experiences from seven Indigenous community members engaged in IFS programming and practice. Thematic analysis revealed four inter-related themes illustrated by a conceptual model: Land-based knowledge and relationships; Land and food-based practices; relational principles; and place. Participants engaged in five Land and food-based practices (seed saving; growing and gathering food; hunting and fishing; processing and preserving food; and sharing and distributing), guided by three relational principles (responsibility, relationality, and reciprocity), framed by the social and physical environments of the place. Key findings revealed that employing self-determined processes to grow, harvest, and share food among the Indigenous community provide pathways towards IFS. This study is the first to explore urban IFS initiatives within this region, offering a novel understanding of how these initiatives are taking shape within urban environments. Full article
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12 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
Niqivut Silalu Asijjipalliajuq: Building a Community-Led Food Sovereignty and Climate Change Research Program in Nunavut, Canada
by Amy Caughey, Pitsiula Kilabuk, Igah Sanguya, Michelle Doucette, Martha Jaw, Jean Allen, Lily Maniapik, Theresa Koonoo, Wanda Joy, Jamal Shirley, Jan M. Sargeant, Helle Møller and Sherilee L. Harper
Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1572; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081572 - 10 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3198
Abstract
The history of health research in Inuit communities in Canada recounts unethical and colonizing research practices. Recent decades have witnessed profound changes that have advanced ethical and community-driven research, yet much work remains. Inuit have called for research reform in Inuit Nunangat, most [...] Read more.
The history of health research in Inuit communities in Canada recounts unethical and colonizing research practices. Recent decades have witnessed profound changes that have advanced ethical and community-driven research, yet much work remains. Inuit have called for research reform in Inuit Nunangat, most recently creating the National Inuit Strategy on Research (NISR) as a framework to support this work. The present study details the process undertaken to create a research program guided by the NISR to address food security, nutrition, and climate change in Inuit Nunangat. Four main elements were identified as critical to supporting the development of a meaningful and authentic community-led program of research: developing Inuit-identified research questions that are relevant and important to Inuit communities; identifying Inuit expertise to answer these questions; re-envisioning and innovating research methodologies that are meaningful to Inuit and reflect Inuit knowledge and societal values; and identifying approaches to mobilizing knowledge that can be applied to support food security and climate change adaptation. We also identify considerations for funding agencies to support the meaningful development of Inuit-led research proposals, including aligning funding with community priorities, reconsidering who the researchers are, and investing in community infrastructure. Our critical reflection on the research program development process provides insight into community-led research that can support Inuit self-determination in research, enhance local ethical conduct of research, privilege Inuit knowledge systems, and align Inuit-identified research priorities with research funding opportunities in health research. While we focus on Inuit-led research in Nunavut, Canada, these insights may be of interest more broadly to Indigenous health research. Full article
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16 pages, 1080 KiB  
Article
Dietary Intakes of Traditional Foods for Dene/Métis in the Dehcho and Sahtú Regions of the Northwest Territories
by Maria Ramirez Prieto, Mylène Ratelle, Brian Douglas Laird and Kelly Skinner
Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020378 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2650
Abstract
A dietary transition away from traditional foods and toward a diet of the predominantly unhealthy market is a public health and sociocultural concern throughout Indigenous communities in Canada, including those in the sub-Arctic and remote regions of Dehcho and Sahtú of the Northwest [...] Read more.
A dietary transition away from traditional foods and toward a diet of the predominantly unhealthy market is a public health and sociocultural concern throughout Indigenous communities in Canada, including those in the sub-Arctic and remote regions of Dehcho and Sahtú of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The main aim of the present study is to describe dietary intakes for macronutrients and micronutrients in traditional and market food from the Mackenzie Valley study. We also show the trends of contributions and differences of dietary intakes over time from 1994 data collected and reported by the Centre for Indigenous People’s Nutrition and Environment (CINE) in 1996. Based on 24-h dietary recall data, the study uses descriptive statistics to describe the observed dietary intake of the Dene First Nations communities in the Dehcho and Sahtú regions of the NWT. Indigenous people in Canada, like the sub-Arctic regions of Dehcho and Sahtú of the NWT, continue to consume traditional foods, although as a small percentage of their total dietary intake. The observed dietary intake calls for action to ensure that traditional food remains a staple as it is critical for the wellbeing of Dene in the Dehcho and Sahtú regions and across the territory. Full article
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17 pages, 1281 KiB  
Article
A Community-Based Approach to Integrating Socio, Cultural and Environmental Contexts in the Development of a Food Database for Indigenous and Rural Populations: The Case of the Batwa and Bakiga in South-Western Uganda
by Giulia Scarpa, Lea Berrang-Ford, Sabastian Twesigomwe, Paul Kakwangire, Remco Peters, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Kaitlin Patterson, Didacus B. Namanya, Shuaib Lwasa, Ester Nowembabazi, Charity Kesande, Helen Harris-Fry and Janet E. Cade
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3503; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103503 - 3 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2942
Abstract
Comprehensive food lists and databases are a critical input for programs aiming to alleviate undernutrition. However, standard methods for developing them may produce databases that are irrelevant for marginalised groups where nutritional needs are highest. Our study provides a method for identifying critical [...] Read more.
Comprehensive food lists and databases are a critical input for programs aiming to alleviate undernutrition. However, standard methods for developing them may produce databases that are irrelevant for marginalised groups where nutritional needs are highest. Our study provides a method for identifying critical contextual information required to build relevant food lists for Indigenous populations. For our study, we used mixed-methods study design with a community-based approach. Between July and October 2019, we interviewed 74 participants among Batwa and Bakiga communities in south-western Uganda. We conducted focus groups discussions (FGDs), individual dietary surveys and markets and shops assessment. Locally validated information on foods consumed among Indigenous populations can provide results that differ from foods listed in the national food composition tables; in fact, the construction of food lists is influenced by multiple factors such as food culture and meaning of food, environmental changes, dietary transition, and social context. Without using a community-based approach to understanding socio-environmental contexts, we would have missed 33 commonly consumed recipes and foods, and we would not have known the variety of ingredients’ quantity in each recipe, and traditional foraged foods. The food culture, food systems and nutrition of Indigenous and vulnerable communities are unique, and need to be considered when developing food lists. Full article
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