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Nutrients
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Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Human Disease
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Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Human Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbohydrates".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 July 2023) | Viewed by 12609

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Edyta Adamska-Patruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutriomics Clinical Research Centre, Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Interests: obesity; type 2 diabetes; risk factors; diet; personalised nutrition; nutrigenetic
Prof. Dr. Adam Krętowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, and Clinical Research Support Centre of Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
Interests: diabetes; obesity; insulin resistance; endocrinology; genetics, diet
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For decades, carbohydrates have been very controversial in the context of diabetes mellitus and its development, as well as in the context of diabetes control. Diet trends come and go, and very often we are left confused about what should be recommended, and what kind of diet should be followed. Therefore, findings from studies have very important implications. They help us to understand how much energy intake should be obtained from carbohydrates and other nutrients to prevent and to control diabetes mellitus, but they also provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of low or very low carbohydrate diets.

This Special Issue aims to focus on new evidence or reviews of current literature about the effects and health outcomes of carbohydrate-restricted diets in diabetes mellitus development and control.

Dr. Edyta Adamska-Patruno
Prof. Dr. Adam Krętowski 
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • obesity
  • risk factors
  • low-carbohydrate diet
  • carbohydrates
  • macronutrients

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3000 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Weight Reduction, Change in Parameters and Safety of a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Comparison to a Low Carbohydrate Diet in Obese Japanese Subjects with Metabolic Disorders
by Takako Kikuchi, Akifumi Kushiyama, Miho Yanai, Chieko Kashiwado, Takeshi Seto and Masato Kasuga
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061342 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5954
Abstract
Recently, low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have gained worldwide attention. LCDs are potentially effective for Japanese overweight and obese individuals with metabolic disorders. However, few randomized trials of LCDs have focused on the difference between LCDs and VLCDs. We conducted a randomized, prospective study of [...] Read more.
Recently, low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have gained worldwide attention. LCDs are potentially effective for Japanese overweight and obese individuals with metabolic disorders. However, few randomized trials of LCDs have focused on the difference between LCDs and VLCDs. We conducted a randomized, prospective study of 42 Japanese, obese adults aged 28–65 years to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LCD and VLCD. To ensure the accuracy of the study, all test meals were provided, and compliance was checked using a smartphone app. Body composition measurements and blood tests were performed before and after the 2-month dietary intervention. The results showed that both methods significantly reduced body weight and fat, and also improved lipid abnormalities and liver function. In the current study, the reductions in weight and fat were comparable. The results of a questionnaire at the end of the study indicated that the LCD was easier to carry out than the VLCD, suggesting that the LCD was sustainable. The present study was unique in that it was a randomized, prospective study of Japanese subjects and that accurate data were obtained by providing meals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Human Disease)
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12 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketogenesis Metabolic Stimulation and Regulation of NLRP3 Ubiquitination in Obese Saudi Women
by Manal Abdulaziz Binobead, Azhar Hamad Aldakhilallah, Sahar Abdulaziz Alsedairy, Laila Naif Al-Harbi, Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani and Ghedeir M. Alshammari
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040820 - 05 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2934
Abstract
The effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on anthropometric indices, the lipid profile, and the benefits of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as an inhibitor of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in obese women were investigated in this study. From [...] Read more.
The effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on anthropometric indices, the lipid profile, and the benefits of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as an inhibitor of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in obese women were investigated in this study. From January to March 2021, 23 obese adult women (n = 23) with an average age of 35.30 years and BMI of 33.96 kg/m2 followed a KD. Instructions for the KD were given to eligible participants, with a typical plan and a menu for all the main meals, snacks, and drinks permitted over seven days. They were also free to change meals according to their preferences provided that they followed the plan. The participants attended six times throughout the intervention for measurements of their anthropometric indices, BHB levels, interleukin-1beta (1L-1β) levels, and completion of a questionnaire (pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention). Following the KD caused significant weight loss, a reduction in waist circumference and BHB levels, as well as a reduction in BMI and appetite. Cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased slightly. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum increased significantly (p < 0.05), and 1L-1β decreased significantly (p < 0.0001). The results show that the KD effectively encouraged weight loss and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Based on the questionnaire results, it was found that a variety of physical symptoms, including overall energy, physical activity, mood, sleep, focus, skin conditions, and menstruation, had significantly improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Human Disease)
12 pages, 583 KiB  
Article
Effects of Carbohydrate Restriction on Body Weight and Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Efficacy in Real-Life Settings
by Philip Weber, Mads N. Thomsen, Mads Juul Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Martin Hansen Carl, Arne Astrup, Jan Frystyk, Jens J. Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Sten Madsbad, Faidon Magkos, Thure Krarup and Steen B. Haugaard
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5244; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245244 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2924
Abstract
A fully provided, hypocaloric, carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet compared to a hypocaloric conventional diabetes (CD) diet for 6 weeks improved glycemic control to a greater extent in face of an intended 6% weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The [...] Read more.
A fully provided, hypocaloric, carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet compared to a hypocaloric conventional diabetes (CD) diet for 6 weeks improved glycemic control to a greater extent in face of an intended 6% weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present 24-week extension of that study reports on the efficacy of CRHP and CD diets in a real-life setting. Sixty-five individuals with T2DM who completed the initial 6-week fully provided diet period (% energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 30/30/40 in CRHP, and 50/17/33 in CD) continued a free-living, dietician guided 24-week period of which 59 individuals completed. The CRHP compared to CD group reported a 4% lower carbohydrate intake and had higher urea excretion by 22% (both p ≤ 0.05) at week 30, suggesting less difference in carbohydrate and protein intake between groups during the 24-week extension compared to week 6. The loss of body weight during the initial 6 weeks was maintained in both groups during the 24-week extension (−5.5 ± 4.5 and −4.6 ± 4.8 kg) as well as HbA1c (−8.4 ± 6.2 and −8.4 ± 6.9 mmol/mol) with no significant differences between groups. The additional benefits on glucoregulation harnessed by carbohydrate restriction under full diet provision for 6 weeks combined with titrated weight loss could not be maintained in a real-life setting of self-prepared diet aiming on similar diets for 6 months. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Human Disease)
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