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Relationship Between Diet and Lifestyle and Liver Health: From the Latest Perspective

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2025) | Viewed by 9387

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece
2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
Interests: diet; nutrition; lifestyle; genetics; nutrigenetics; obesity; diabetes; metabolic syndrome; hypertension
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic liver diseases (CLDs), represented mainly by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), viral hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease, represent a real and current threat at a global level. It is estimated that there are more than 1.5 billion CLD cases worldwide, encompassing individuals at various stages of disease severity. 

Dietary habits and overall lifestyle are pivotal in CLD pathogenesis and constitute key components of CLD onset, progression, and management. Within this context, it is essential to address the progress and current understanding of the role of diet and lifestyle in CLDs and their treatment. Authors are invited to submit original research and review articles on a wide spectrum of topics related to diet, lifestyle, and liver health, including aspects of personalized dietary treatment and lifestyle (i.e., nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics, epigenetics, and gut microbiome), as well as any liver-related complications.

Dr. Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • liver
  • diet
  • lifestyle
  • personalised
  • nutrigenetics
  • nutrigenomics
  • microbiome

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1156 KiB  
Article
Efficiency of Skeletal Muscle Mass/Weight Measurement for Distinguishing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Prospective Analysis Using InBody Bioimpedance Devices
by Miwa Tatsuta, Tsutomu Masaki, Shungo Kimura, Yudai Sato, Akemi Tomida, Ichiro Ishikawa, Yu Nakamura, Kei Takuma, Mai Nakahara, Kyoko Oura, Tomoko Tadokoro, Koji Fujita, Joji Tani, Asahiro Morishita, Takashi Himoto, Shinjiro Miyazaki, Tsuyoshi Maeta, Yoshihiro Mori, Fumikazu Kohi and Hideki Kobara
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4422; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244422 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1003
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is diagnosed when hepatic steatosis is proven by imaging and one of the five cardiometabolic criteria is present. The relationship between MASLD and body composition components has recently received increased research attention. However, the five cardiometabolic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is diagnosed when hepatic steatosis is proven by imaging and one of the five cardiometabolic criteria is present. The relationship between MASLD and body composition components has recently received increased research attention. However, the five cardiometabolic criteria do not include components of body composition. This study aimed to identify significant body composition factors associated with MASLD in patients undergoing health checkups. Methods: This study included a cohort of 6599 examinees who participated in a health check-up conducted between 2022 and 2023, and their data were prospectively analyzed. The inclusion criteria were undergoing abdominal ultrasonography, alcohol consumption <30 g/day for males or <20 g/day for females, and one of the five cardiometabolic criteria. Results: Finally, 3864 examinees were enrolled. In total, 1133 (51.8%) males and 454 (27.1%) females had MASLD. Sarcopenia was present in only 0.62% of males and 0.66% of females with MASLD. The MASLD group had significantly lower skeletal muscle mass/weight (SMM/WT) values than the non-MASLD group. Multivariate analysis revealed that SMM/WT was independently associated with MASLD. Conclusions: SMM/WT was significantly associated with MASLD. Therefore, muscle mass assessment using SMM/WT may be a potential marker for diagnosing MASLD. Full article
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11 pages, 2947 KiB  
Article
Protective Effects of Plum on Liver and Gut Injury in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
by Ji-Su Kim, Sun-Mee Hong, Do-Kyun Kim and Young-Eun Cho
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3760; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213760 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 3034
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), a persistent liver condition associated with metabolic syndrome, is primarily caused by excessive fructose intake and a typical Western diet. Because there is currently only one approved treatment, lifestyle and dietary interventions are crucial. This study assessed [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), a persistent liver condition associated with metabolic syndrome, is primarily caused by excessive fructose intake and a typical Western diet. Because there is currently only one approved treatment, lifestyle and dietary interventions are crucial. This study assessed the effects of dietary intervention involving freeze-dried plum (FDP), a natural source of antioxidants containing diverse polyphenols. This study aimed to assess its potential as a protective agent against the gut–liver axis and its therapeutic effects on liver injury and gut permeability issues associated with MASLD. We indicate that 10% FDP intake restored gut barrier proteins and reduced serum endotoxin levels in the MASLD mouse models. Additionally, 10% FDP intake significantly reduced hepatic oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and fibrosis marker levels. Interestingly, FDP intake significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α and markers of liver damage, such as serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic triglycerides. These results highlight that dietary intervention with FDP that acts as a natural antioxidant may be a significant protective and therapeutic agent against liver and gut damage caused by MASLD. Full article
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17 pages, 2020 KiB  
Article
Impact of Physical Activity on Overall Survival and Liver Cirrhosis Incidence in Steatotic Liver Disease: Insights from a Large Cohort Study Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting
by Keungmo Yang, Beom Sun Chung and Tom Ryu
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2532; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152532 - 2 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2044
Abstract
Physical activity is a cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle, with benefits in managing chronic diseases. This study investigates the relationship between physical activity and liver-related outcomes with or without steatotic liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD and increased [...] Read more.
Physical activity is a cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle, with benefits in managing chronic diseases. This study investigates the relationship between physical activity and liver-related outcomes with or without steatotic liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD and increased alcohol intake (MetALD). The primary outcomes of interest were overall survival in the entire population, individuals without steatotic liver disease, patients with MASLD, and those with MetALD. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of liver cirrhosis. Participants were categorized based on physical activity frequency and Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis. Higher physical activity was associated with significantly better survival in the overall cohort and MASLD cohort before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). In participants without steatotic liver disease and the MetALD cohort, higher physical activity showed significant survival improvement after IPTW. For the incidence of liver cirrhosis, higher physical activity showed significant associations before IPTW in the overall cohort and MASLD cohort, but these associations were not significant after IPTW. Marginal significance was observed in the MetALD cohort before and after IPTW. In conclusion. promoting physical activity may be key in improving liver-related outcomes. Full article
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Review

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23 pages, 1144 KiB  
Review
Unraveling MASLD: The Role of Gut Microbiota, Dietary Modulation, and AI-Driven Lifestyle Interventions
by Carolina Jiménez-González, Marta Alonso-Peña, Paula Argos Vélez, Javier Crespo and Paula Iruzubieta
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091580 (registering DOI) - 4 May 2025
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), influencing various metabolic mechanisms and contributing to the development of the disease. Dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota have shown potential in modulating microbial composition and mitigating MASLD progression. [...] Read more.
Gut microbiota has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), influencing various metabolic mechanisms and contributing to the development of the disease. Dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota have shown potential in modulating microbial composition and mitigating MASLD progression. In this context, the integration of multi-omics analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) in personalized nutrition offers new opportunities for tailoring dietary strategies based on individual microbiome profiles and metabolic responses. The use of chatbots and other AI-based health solutions offers a unique opportunity to democratize access to health interventions due to their low cost, accessibility, and scalability. Future research should focus on the clinical validation of AI-powered dietary strategies, integrating microbiome-based therapies and precision nutrition approaches. Establishing standardized protocols and ethical guidelines will be crucial for implementing AI in MASLD management, paving the way for a more personalized, data-driven approach to disease prevention and treatment. Full article
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18 pages, 1382 KiB  
Review
The Interplay between Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and the Epigenome towards Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review
by Evangelia Mentsiou Nikolaou, Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati and George V. Dedoussis
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081124 - 11 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2609
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), described as the most prominent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, has emerged as a significant public health issue, posing a considerable challenge for most countries. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), commonly found in daily use items and foods, [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), described as the most prominent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, has emerged as a significant public health issue, posing a considerable challenge for most countries. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), commonly found in daily use items and foods, are able to interfere with nuclear receptors (NRs) and disturb hormonal signaling and mitochondrial function, leading, among other metabolic disorders, to MASLD. EDCs have also been proposed to cause transgenerationally inherited alterations leading to increased disease susceptibility. In this review, we are focusing on the most prominent linking pathways between EDCs and MASLD, their role in the induction of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of the disease as well as up-to-date practices aimed at reducing their impact. Full article
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