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Sepsis: Nutritional Treatment and its Physiological Implications

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 August 2019) | Viewed by 21037

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Florida State University, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Science, Tallahassee, United States
Interests: The role of nutrition and exercise in the prevention and treatment of disease; the physiological implications of catabolic illnesses (i.e. sepsis) on skeletal muscle health and its interaction with other metabolic tissues

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are many outstanding issues surrounding the optimal nutritional support for patients with sepsis or critical illness to enhance survival, decrease morbidity and promote a full functional recovery. With that in mind, the goal of this special issue is to provide a collection of the most current findings related to nutrition, feeding, or supplementation in the critically ill patient. We are seeking works that address new findings related to parenteral and/or enteral feeding including macronutrient ratio or timing; protein/amino acid/BCAA supplementation; the potential efficacy of phytonutrients, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids or any other nutraceutical compound in critically ill patients or animal/cell models of sepsis. This is not an all-inclusive list of topics as all nutritional components or modalities will be considered for inclusion in this issue. Further, research reports of organs/tissues and physiological processes central to metabolism and sensing of nutrients are also encouraged. It is our hope to include work that is mechanistic in nature as well as translational and/or observational, to help promote new therapeutic guidelines and practices.

Dr. Jennifer Steiner
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Sepsis
  • Critical Illness
  • Nutraceuticals
  • Protein
  • Phytonutrients
  • Polyphenols
  • Parenteral and enteral feeding
  • Vitamins and minerals

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 648 KiB  
Review
Nutrition in Sepsis: A Bench-to-Bedside Review
by Elisabeth De Waele, Manu L.N.G. Malbrain and Herbert Spapen
Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020395 - 2 Feb 2020
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 20462
Abstract
Nutrition therapy in sepsis is challenging and differs from the standard feeding approach in critically ill patients. The dysregulated host response caused by infection induces progressive physiologic alterations, which may limit metabolic capacity by impairing mitochondrial function. Hence, early artificial nutrition should be [...] Read more.
Nutrition therapy in sepsis is challenging and differs from the standard feeding approach in critically ill patients. The dysregulated host response caused by infection induces progressive physiologic alterations, which may limit metabolic capacity by impairing mitochondrial function. Hence, early artificial nutrition should be ramped-up and emphasis laid on the post-acute phase of critical illness. Caloric dosing is ideally guided by indirect calorimetry, and endogenous energy production should be considered. Proteins should initially be delivered at low volume and progressively increased to 1.3 g/kg/day following shock symptoms wane. Both the enteral and parenteral route can be (simultaneously) used to cover caloric and protein targets. Regarding pharmaconutrition, a low dose glutamine seems appropriate in patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Supplementing arginine or selenium is not recommended. High-dose vitamin C administration may offer substantial benefit, but actual evidence is too limited for advocating its routine use in sepsis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate metabolic processes can be safely used, but non-inferiority to other intravenous lipid emulsions remains unproven in septic patients. Nutrition stewardship, defined as the whole of interventions to optimize nutritional approach and treatment, should be pursued in all septic patients but may be difficult to accomplish within a context of profoundly altered cellular metabolic processes and organ dysfunction caused by time-bound excessive inflammation and/or immune suppression. This review aims to provide an overview and practical recommendations of all aspects of nutritional therapy in the setting of sepsis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sepsis: Nutritional Treatment and its Physiological Implications)
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