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Pathophysiology of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs)

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2025 | Viewed by 573

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
Interests: glucose metabolism; lipid metabolism; nutritional screening; atherosclerotic diseases; cancer; chronic respiratory diseases; diabetes-related diseases; mental illnesses, obesity, overweight
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the WHO, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for 75% of all deaths worldwide in 2021. Among NCDs, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases, followed by cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes-related diseases. NCDs, which are chronic diseases, are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors [1,2]. Therefore, the prevention and early detection of NCDs through checkups and screening tests is important. To achieve early NCD detection, it is necessary to clarify NCDs’ pathophysiology. The four major metabolic changes that predispose people to NCDs are (1) hypertension, (2) obesity/overweight, (3) elevated blood glucose levels, and (4) dyslipidemia. A key approach to NCD control is to focus on risk factor mitigation [1]. Low-cost solutions exist for governments and other stakeholders to reduce common modifiable risk factors. Monitoring the progress and trends in NCDs and their risk factors is important to guide policies and priorities [1]. NCD management involves detecting, screening, and treating these diseases and providing palliative care for those in need. High-impact and essential NCD interventions can be delivered through primary healthcare approaches to enable early detection and timely treatment. Establishing effective strategies to combat the ever-increasing number of NCDs remains an urgent global issue [1]. This Special Issue aims to clarify the changes in glucose and lipid metabolism involved in NCD pathogenesis through research on cells, animals, and humans. We invite you to submit your latest research findings on glucose and lipid metabolism and NCDs. Research on atherosclerotic diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes-related diseases, and mental illnesses is welcome.
References

1. Noncommunicable Diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.

2. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.

Dr. Takao Kimura
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • glucose metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • nutritional screening
  • atherosclerotic diseases
  • cancer
  • chronic respiratory diseases
  • diabetes-related diseases
  • mental illnesses
  • obesity
  • overweight

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
Reciprocal Fluctuations in Lipoprotein Lipase, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored High-Density Lipoprotein-Binding Protein 1, and Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase Levels in the Peripheral Bloodstream Are Correlated with Insulin Resistance
by Takumi Nagasawa, Koji Sakamaki, Akihiro Yoshida, Hiroki Machida, Fumitaka Murakami, Mari Hashimoto, Takahito Shinohara, Masami Murakami, Katsuhiko Tsunekawa and Takao Kimura
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1880; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111880 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 417
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify the regulatory system of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) in the peripheral bloodstream. Methods: In total, 207 individuals (100 males and 107 females) who were diagnosed [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify the regulatory system of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) in the peripheral bloodstream. Methods: In total, 207 individuals (100 males and 107 females) who were diagnosed with normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes during their comprehensive health checkup were investigated. Results: Circulating LPL levels were positively correlated with the GPIHBP1 and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scores, triglyceride–glucose index, and triglyceride, fasting insulin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The GPIHBP1 level was positively correlated with LPL and HTGL levels, and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The HTGL level was positively correlated with BMI, WC, HOMA-IR score, and GPIHBP1, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting insulin, and ferritin levels. Meanwhile, it was negatively correlated with HDL-C levels. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the circulating LPL level was independently affected by BMI, red blood cell (RBC) count, GPIHBP1, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, HDL-C, CRP, and ferritin levels. The GPIHBP1 level was independently affected by age, eGFR, FPG, LPL, and HTGL levels and RBC count. The HTGL level was independently affected by WC, GPIHBP1 and LDL-C levels. Conclusions: LPL and HTGL levels reflect insulin resistance. In particular, individuals with a greater insulin resistance present with a lower LPL level and a higher HTGL level. An increased GPIHBP1 level might compensate for decreased LPL levels due to insulin resistance. Full article
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