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Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite in Human Health and Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2018) | Viewed by 14088

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mark McEvoy

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Guest Editor

School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Interests: chronic disease; epidemiology; nutrition; microbiome; genetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is now well established that the human body uses exogenous nitrate/nitrite to synthesise the important messenger molecule, nitric oxide (NO) via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. This is especially important in NO-depletion states, where exogenous nitrate/nitrite may be required in greater amounts to maintain health and prevent disease. Given that nitric oxide possesses many organ protective properties it stands to reason that sufficient NO derived from dietary or non-dietary nitrate sources may offer protection against a number of chronic diseases linked to NO depletion (e.g., cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, respiratory disease). In the last decade there has been a surge in the number of studies examining the effects of nitrate/nitrite on cardiovascular risk factors, however limited studies have examined the association with hard cardiovascular disease endpoints. Furthermore, few studies have examined the effects of long term nitrate intake and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, an even smaller number of studies have examined any association with other diseases, such as metabolic and respiratory disease.

The purpose of this Special Issue, "Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite in Human Health and Disease" is three-fold: 1) to address the lack of epidemiological research, in particular, longitudinal analyses, examining the relationship between dietary nitrate/nitrate intake and chronic disease, 2) to address the lack of experimental research in humans between dietary or non-dietary nitrate/nitrate intake and chronic disease risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, blood lipids, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, platelet function, inflammatory markers, fasting serum glucose), and 3) to address the lack of human experimental research examining dietary or non-dietary nitrate/nitrate intake interventions for primary or secondary prevention of chronic disease.

Assoc. Prof. Mark McEvoy

Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Inorganic nitrate/nitrite
Cardiovascular disease
Metabolic disease
Respiratory disease
Depressive illness
Blood pressure
Endothelial function
Arterial stiffness
Platelet function
Blood lipids
Inflammation
Markers of glycaemic control

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vegetable Nitrate Intakes Are Associated with Reduced Self-Reported Cardiovascular-Related Complications within a Representative Sample of Middle-Aged Australian Women, Prospectively Followed up for 15 Years

by Jacklyn K. Jackson, Amanda J. Patterson, Lesley K. MacDonald-Wicks, Peta M. Forder, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Catherine P. Bondonno, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Natalie C. Ward, Carl Holder, Christopher Oldmeadow, Julie E. Byles and Mark A. McEvoy

Nutrients 2019, 11(2), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020240 - 22 Jan 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3683

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates anti-atherosclerotic effects. Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to produce NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and the incidence of self-reported CVD-related complications within a representative sample of middle-aged Australian women (1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health). Women free from disease at baseline who had completed the food frequency questionnaire data were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) across quartiles for nitrate intakes. Of the 5324 women included for analysis, there were 1951 new cases of CVD-related complications over 15-years of follow-up. Women reporting higher total dietary nitrate intakes (Q4 > 78.2 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q4 > 64.4 mg/day) were 25% and 27% reduced risk of developing CVD-related complications respectively, compared with women reporting low total (Q1 < 45.5 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q1 < 34.8 mg/day). Our findings were consistent with other observational data indicating that dietary nitrate may explain some of the cardiovascular benefits of vegetable consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite in Human Health and Disease)

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14 pages, 255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Nitrate and Diet Quality: An Examination of Changing Dietary Intakes within a Representative Sample of Australian Women

by Jacklyn K. Jackson, Amanda J. Patterson, Lesley K. MacDonald-Wicks, Catherine P. Bondonno, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Natalie C. Ward, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Julie E. Byles and Mark A. McEvoy

Nutrients 2018, 10(8), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081005 - 01 Aug 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5317

Abstract

Dietary nitrate is increasingly linked to a variety of beneficial health outcomes. Our purpose was to estimate dietary nitrate consumption and identify key dietary changes which have occurred over time within a representative sample of Australian women. Women from the 1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health with complete food frequency questionnaire data for both 2001 and 2013 were included for analysis. Dietary nitrate intakes were calculated using key published nitrate databases. Diet quality scores including the Australian Recommended Food Score, the Mediterranean Diet Score and the Nutrient Rich Foods Index were calculated along with food group serves as per the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Wilcoxon matched pairs tests were used to test for change in dietary intakes and Spearman’s correlations were used to examine associations. In our sample of 8161 Australian women, dietary nitrate intakes were on average 65–70 mg/day, and we detected a significant increase in dietary nitrate consumption over time (+6.57 mg/day). Vegetables were the primary source of dietary nitrate (81–83%), in particular lettuce (26%), spinach (14–20%), beetroot (10–11%), and celery (7–8%) contributed primarily to vegetable nitrate intakes. Further, increased dietary nitrate intakes were associated with improved diet quality scores (r = 0.3, p < 0.0001). Although there is emerging evidence indicating that higher habitual dietary nitrate intakes are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality, future work in this area should consider how dietary nitrate within the context of overall diet quality can facilitate health to ensure consistent public health messages are conveyed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite in Human Health and Disease)

Review

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12 pages, 707 KiB

Open AccessReview

Malnutrition and Fracture Healing: Are Specific Deficiencies in Amino Acids Important in Nonunion Development?

by Dennis M. Meesters, Karolina A.P. Wijnands, Peter R.G. Brink and Martijn Poeze

Nutrients 2018, 10(11), 1597; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111597 - 31 Oct 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4628

Abstract

With the increasing incidence of fractures now, and in the future, the absolute number of bone-healing complications such as nonunion development will also increase. Next to fracture-dependent factors such as large bone loss volumes and inadequate stabilization, the nutritional state of these patients is a major influential factor for the fracture repair process. In this review, we will focus on the influence of protein/amino acid malnutrition and its influence on fracture healing. Mainly, the arginine-citrulline-nitric oxide metabolism is of importance since it can affect fracture healing via several precursors of collagen formation, and through nitric oxide synthases it has influences on the bio-molecular inflammatory responses and the local capillary growth and circulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite in Human Health and Disease)

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