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Impact of High Fiber Diet, High Protein Diet and Low Carbohydrate Diet and of Fat Mass on Diseases Prevention and Treatment

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition Methodology & Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 24390

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antonino De Lorenzo

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Guest Editor

Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: body composition; metabolism; personalized nutritional assessment; hydration status; psychological profile
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Paola Gualtieri

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Guest Editor

Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Interests: Mediterranean diet; eating behaviour; body composition; DXA; BIA; energy expenditure; clinical nutrition; neuro vulnerability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global spread of chronic disease (CD), helped by poor nutrition, needs targeted interventions. Currently, it is being demonstrated that obesity is the second risk factor for COVID-19. It is, therefore, fundamental to collect all the information regarding obesity.

Prevention is the most important tool to reduce the long-term incidence and costs of COVID-19; although, at the moment, studying the incidence of this disease in obese people in the current pandemic carries the same importance.

The cure of obesity is a challenge that must be overcome. Different dietetic treatments have been proposed over the years, with some showing more effectiveness than others. Low-carbohydrate diets have shown good results, e.g., high-protein diets.

Nowadays, the quality of macronutrients, proteins and fats in diets and their effects on health and microbiota are being discussed. Some diets use too much animal protein and fat to increase patient compliance, often without considering their negative effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Furthermore, high fiber diets help to maintain the health of our microbiota and to prevent CDs, but choosing quality food is fundamental. The Mediterranean diet is the best example of a high fiber diet, as it is effective in the treatment and prevention of chronic degenerative diseases. However, the benefit is obtained only with the use of high-quality and unprocessed foods. The effectiveness could also be improved with a personalized protein intake based on body composition.

These topics should be better investigated, and for this reason, we invite authors to submit original research and new reviews to improve the knowledge in this field.

Additionally, COVID-19 research regarding the influence of obesity, as well as nutrition, will be considered for this Special Issue.

Prof. Antonino De Lorenzo
Dr. Paola Gualtieri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

mediterranean diet
anti-inflammatory diet
safe weight loss
carbohydrate restriction
mind diet
COVID-19 and nutrition
COVID-19 and obesity

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Fiber and Its Source Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults

by SuJin Song and YoonJu Song

Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010160 - 06 Jan 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3321

Abstract

We examined the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 16,792 adults from the 2013–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Dietary data were obtained using a 24 h recall method and used to evaluate intakes of total dietary fiber and its source and fruit consumption. Cardiovascular risk factors included obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors by sex. Total fiber and fruit fiber intake in men were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratios (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.53–0.92 for total fiber; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.93 for fruit fiber). Among women, a higher intake of fruit fiber was related to a reduced prevalence of obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.85, p trend = 0.029) and abdominal obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.82, p trend = 0.026). Total fruit and whole fruit consumption was inversely associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome in men and hypertension in women. The amount and sources of fiber are associated with metabolic diseases in Korean adults and should be considered in the context of overall dietary quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of High Fiber Diet, High Protein Diet and Low Carbohydrate Diet and of Fat Mass on Diseases Prevention and Treatment)

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13 pages, 280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Dietary Habits and Physical Function in Brazilian and Italian Older Women

by Hélio J. Coelho-Junior, Riccardo Calvani, Anna Picca, Ivan O. Gonçalves, Francesco Landi, Roberto Bernabei, Matteo Cesari, Marco C. Uchida and Emanuele Marzetti

Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1635; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061635 - 01 Jun 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3157

Abstract

The present study investigated and compared the patterns of dietary protein intake and physical function in Brazilian and Italian older women. Seventy-five Brazilian older women were recruited in a community senior center. Fifty-three age-matched Italian older women were selected from participants of the Longevity check-up (Lookup) 7+ study. In both samples, physical performance was evaluated by isometric handgrip strength (IHG) and five-time sit-to-stand (5 × STS) tests, while diet was assessed through 24-h recall. Results indicated that Brazilian women had a higher intake of plant-based protein (52.7% vs. 30.5% kcal), while Italian women consumed greater amounts of animal-derived protein (29.7% vs. 41.5% kcal). In Brazilian women, the binary logistic regression analysis indicated that body weight-adjusted protein consumption was associated with IHG adjusted by body mass index and with 5 × STS performance. In the Italian sample, the intake of isoleucine, leucine, and valine was significantly associated with 5 × STS performance. Our findings indicate that Brazilian and Italian community-dwelling older women show different patterns of protein intake, with higher consumption of plant-based protein in the Brazilian sample and higher ingestion of animal-derived protein in the Italian subgroup. These dietary patterns may differentially impact the relationship between physical function and protein intake observed in Brazilian and Italian older women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of High Fiber Diet, High Protein Diet and Low Carbohydrate Diet and of Fat Mass on Diseases Prevention and Treatment)

Review

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36 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mediterranean-Type Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity: The Winning Combination to Counteract the Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

by Greta Caprara

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020429 - 28 Jan 2021

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 9239

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and type 2 diabetes) are the main causes of death worldwide. Their burden is expected to rise in the future, especially in less developed economies and among the poor spread across middle- and high-income countries. Indeed, the treatment and prevention of these pathologies constitute a crucial challenge for public health. The major non-communicable diseases share four modifiable behavioral risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco usage and excess of alcohol consumption. Therefore, the adoption of healthy lifestyles, which include not excessive alcohol intake, no smoking, a healthy diet and regular physical activity, represents a crucial and economical strategy to counteract the global NCDs burden. This review summarizes the latest evidence demonstrating that Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and physical activity are, alone and in combination, key interventions to both prevent and control the rise of NCDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of High Fiber Diet, High Protein Diet and Low Carbohydrate Diet and of Fat Mass on Diseases Prevention and Treatment)

29 pages, 1185 KiB

Open AccessReview

Uremic Sarcopenia and Its Possible Nutritional Approach

by Annalisa Noce, Giulia Marrone, Eleonora Ottaviani, Cristina Guerriero, Francesca Di Daniele, Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva and Nicola Di Daniele

Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010147 - 04 Jan 2021

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 8050

Abstract

Uremic sarcopenia is a frequent condition present in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and is characterized by reduced muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Uremic sarcopenia is related to an increased risk of hospitalization and all-causes mortality. This pathological condition is caused not only by advanced age but also by others factors typical of CKD patients such as metabolic acidosis, hemodialysis therapy, low-grade inflammatory status and inadequate protein-energy intake. Currently, treatments available to ameliorate uremic sarcopenia include nutritional therapy (oral nutritional supplement, inter/intradialytic parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, high protein and fiber diet and percutaneous endoscopic gastrectomy) and a personalized program of physical activity. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible benefits induced by nutritional therapy alone or in combination with a personalized program of physical activity, on onset and/or progression of uremic sarcopenia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of High Fiber Diet, High Protein Diet and Low Carbohydrate Diet and of Fat Mass on Diseases Prevention and Treatment)

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