The Relationship between Nutrition, Microbiota and the Gut–Brain Axis

Dear Colleagues,

The intricate interplay between nutrition, the human microbiome, and the gut–brain axis has become increasingly evident, underscoring the pivotal role of the human microbiome in modulating the development and functioning of key physiological systems. This dynamic interaction, characterized by a two-way communication system along the microbiota–gut–brain axis influences the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. Understanding these processes is crucial, as they have profound implications for human health, with correlations emerging between certain behaviors and the gut microbiome layout. Moreover, disruptions in microbial communities have been linked to various neurological disorders.

Diet, as a major influencer of microbiome composition and function, has garnered significant attention in the realm of microbiome-based interventions. The impact of dietary choices extends beyond mere sustenance; it plays a central role in shaping the intricate balance within the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Researchers are exploring targeted modulation approaches, including dietary supplementation with functional foods, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics to harness the therapeutic potential of these interventions.

This Special Issue delves into the expanding field of gut microbiome modulation, featuring a curated selection of review and original research articles. The focus extends to the diverse role of microbial and human metabolites in influencing the microbiota–gut–brain axis concerning health, behavior, and diseases. Beyond a broad exploration, this Special Issue aims to identify specific pathways, molecules, or mechanisms that offer insights into precision medicine and precision nutrition. The goal is to pave the way for future complementary nutrition therapies that address the intricate relationship between nutrition, the microbiome, and the gut–brain axis.

In the pursuit of a comprehensive understanding, this Special Issue underscores the importance of employing advanced multi-omics approaches such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and culturomics. These technologies provide a nuanced view, allowing researchers to unravel the mechanistic underpinnings of the complex interplay between nutrition, the microbiota, and the gut–brain axis. Through a holistic exploration, this Special Issue seeks to contribute to the identification and validation of key insights that can shape the future of personalized nutrition therapies, bringing us closer to a more profound understanding of the symbiotic relationship between our dietary choices, the microbiome, and brain health.

Dr. Monica Barone
Guest Editor

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• gut microbiota
• human health
• human disease
• neurological disorders
• behavior
• microbiota–host interaction
• microbiome-based intervention
• nutrition
• functional foods
• omics