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Nutrients
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Ketogenic Diet and Mediterranean Diet as Medical Nutrition Therapies
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Ketogenic Diet and Mediterranean Diet as Medical Nutrition Therapies

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 3275

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luigi Barrea

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Guest Editor
Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80143 Naples, Italy
Interests: ketogenic diet; mediterranean diet; obesity; endocrinology; vitamin D; chronotype; psoriasis; acne; diet; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giuseppe Annunziata

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Guest Editor
Facoltà di Scienze Umane, della Formazione e dello Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143 Naples, Italy
Interests: ketogenic diet; mediterranean diet; obesity; endocrinology; vitamin D; chronotype; psoriasis; acne; diet; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Claudia Vetrani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
Interests: mediterranean diet; lifelong nutrition; functional foods; health education; glucose tolerance; insulin-resistance-related diseases; prevention strategies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet plays a pivotal role in the phato-physiological processes related to many chronic diseases, particularly those related to environmental factors (i.e., lifestyle). Therefore, tailored nutritional interventions should be considered as Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for primary and secondary prevention, as well as the management of many clinical conditions.

Ketogenic diets (KDs) and the Mediterranean diet (MD) were appointed as strategies for MNT, given the solid evidence supporting their use in several clinical settings, ranging from cardiometabolic diseases to dermatology/neurology.

This Special Issue aims to collect the most novel insights on the role of KDs and the MD in disease prevention and/or management. Original research articles (mainly from clinical trials) or scientific literature reviews (including narrative/scoping reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses) are welcome. Conttibutions describing novel mechanisms of action/targets will be profoundly appreciated

Dr. Luigi Barrea
Dr. Giuseppe Annunziata
Dr. Claudia Vetrani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ketogenic diet
  • Mediterranean diet
  • obesity
  • cancer
  • endocrine disorders
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • neurological disorders
  • dermato-endocrine disorders
  • psychiatric diseases
  • gastroenterological diseases
  • lifelong nutrition
  • bioactive compounds
  • insulin-resistance- related disorders
  • nutraceuticals
  • functional foods
  • clinical nutrition

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 221 KiB  
Article
Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT), Not Only a Price Matter: A Comparison Study on Average Costs of VLEKT with Fresh Foods and Replacement Meals
by Giuseppe Annunziata, Ludovica Verde, Andrea Falco, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri and Luigi Barrea
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030422 - 24 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1353
Abstract
Background: Obesity is constantly growing worldwide, representing a serious concern also for healthcare costs. Current anti-obesity pharmacological strategies, although effective, represent a significant cost for the patient. Similarly, very low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) protocols with replacement meals also have high costs. Objectives: [...] Read more.
Background: Obesity is constantly growing worldwide, representing a serious concern also for healthcare costs. Current anti-obesity pharmacological strategies, although effective, represent a significant cost for the patient. Similarly, very low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) protocols with replacement meals also have high costs. Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the average costs of a VLEKT protocol with replacement meals compared with those of isocaloric diets with fresh foods. Methods: VLEKTs with replacement meals and fresh foods were developed considering an ideal young woman and man with grade II obesity (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2). The costs of the individual fresh foods were extrapolated from official Italian databases. The costs of replacement meals were obtained by consulting the catalogs of three companies specialized in VLEKTs operating in Italy. Results: On a monthly basis, VLEKT with fresh food had an average cost of EUR 253.44 and EUR 295.67, while VLEKT with replacement meals had an average cost of EUR 434.91 and EUR 535.99, for the woman and man, respectively. Conclusions: Although more expensive than a common diet, VLEKT should be seen not only as a dietary method for losing weight, but as a non-pharmacological, medicalized nutritional therapy, useful for managing various conditions, even those not directly related to obesity. Like a drug therapy, VLEKT requires the use of specific products that entail a higher cost, to be borne by the patient, but whose benefits should be emphasized, which go beyond weight loss and concern general health, thus considering them as a targeted nutritional strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ketogenic Diet and Mediterranean Diet as Medical Nutrition Therapies)
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16 pages, 1544 KiB  
Article
The Effectiveness of the Low-Glycemic and Insulinemic (LOGI) Regimen in Maintaining the Benefits of the VLCKD in Fibromyalgia Patients
by Giuseppe Castaldo, Carmen Marino, Maria D’Elia, Manuela Grimaldi, Enza Napolitano, Anna Maria D’Ursi and Luca Rastrelli
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234161 - 30 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1138
Abstract
Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder that causes damage to the neuro-muscular system and alterations in the intestinal microbiota and affects the psychological state of the patient. In our previous study, we showed that 22 women patients subjected to a specific very [...] Read more.
Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder that causes damage to the neuro-muscular system and alterations in the intestinal microbiota and affects the psychological state of the patient. In our previous study, we showed that 22 women patients subjected to a specific very low-carbohydrate ketogenic therapy (VLCKD) showed an improvement in clinical scores as well as neurotransmission-related and psychological dysfunctions and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, NMR metabolomic data showed that changes induced by VLCKD treatment were evident in all metabolic pathways related to fibromyalgia biomarkers. Methods: Based on this evidence, we extend our investigation into dietary interventions for fibromyalgia by evaluating the impact of transitioning from a VLCKD to a low-glycemic insulinemic (LOGI) diet over an additional 45-day period. Therefore, participants initially following a VLCKD were transitioned to the LOGI diet after 45 days to determine whether the improvements in FM symptoms and metabolic dysfunctions achieved through VLCKD could be sustained with LOGI. Results: Our findings suggested that while VLCKD serves as an effective initial intervention for correcting metabolic imbalances and alleviating FM symptoms, transitioning to a LOGI diet offers a practical and sustainable dietary strategy. This transition preserves clinical improvements and supports long-term adherence and quality of life, underscoring the importance of adaptable nutritional therapies in chronic disease management. Control patients who adhered only to the LOGI diet for 90 days showed only modest improvement in clinical and psychological conditions, but not elimination of fibromyalgia symptoms. Conclusions: In conclusion the LOGI diet is an excellent alternative to maintain the results obtained from the regime VLCKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ketogenic Diet and Mediterranean Diet as Medical Nutrition Therapies)
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