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Nutrients
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Nutritional Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Complications
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Nutritional Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Complications

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2025) | Viewed by 2653

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yoko Uchiyama-Tanaka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yoko Clinic, 3-3-13 Takami, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu 805-0016, Japan
Interests: nutrients; kidney; microbiome; autism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shoji Tsuji

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata-shi 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
Interests: gut microbiota; podocytopathy; nocturnal enuresis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The purpose of this Special Issue, “Nutritional Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Complications”, is to explore the most up-to-date available evidence on the role of nutrition in chronic kidney disease and complications.

The conventional diet for chronic kidney disease includes low protein, low salt, and potassium restriction. However, there has been a major reassessment in recent years. The perspective on minerals and vitamins is also changing dramatically, with an emphasis on the importance of the quality, as well as the quantity, of various nutrients, such as magnesium, zinc and iron, in addition to potassium.

This Special Issue will include original research works and literature reviews that further explore the changing views of diet and nutrition for chronic kidney disease and complications.

Dr. Yoko Uchiyama-Tanaka
Dr. Shoji Tsuji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic kidney disease
  • diet
  • kidney nutrition
  • protein
  • mineral

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 793 KB  
Article
The Phosphate/Urea Nitrogen Ratio in Urine—A Method to Assess the Relative Intake of Inorganic Phosphate
by Carlos Novillo, Raquel M. García-Saez, Laura Sánchez-Molina, Cristian Rodelo-Haad, Andrés Carmona, Gonzalo Pinaglia-Tobaruela, Cristina Membrives-González, Daniel Jurado, Rafael Santamaría, Juan R. Muñoz-Castañeda, Alejandro Martín-Malo, Mariano Rodríguez, Sagrario Soriano and Victoria Pendón-RuizdeMier
Nutrients 2025, 17(21), 3323; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17213323 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 604
Abstract
Background/Objectives: It would be desirable to reduce the intake of inorganic phosphate (P), which is easily absorbed and is associated with cardiovascular disease. The phosphate-to-urea nitrogen ratio (P/UUN) in urine should reflect the proportion of inorganic P ingested relative to protein intake. In [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: It would be desirable to reduce the intake of inorganic phosphate (P), which is easily absorbed and is associated with cardiovascular disease. The phosphate-to-urea nitrogen ratio (P/UUN) in urine should reflect the proportion of inorganic P ingested relative to protein intake. In this manuscript, we will refer to this parameter as P/UUN, which is conceptually equivalent to the phosphate-to-urea ratio (P/U). These studies aim to evaluate whether an increased intake of inorganic P translates into an increase in the P/UUN. Methods: A total of 18 healthy volunteers (Study-1) and 18 chronic kidney disease patients (Study-2) were included. At baseline, all participants completed a 3-day dietary survey, and on the third day collected a 24 h urine sample. In Study-2, blood samples were also obtained. Participants were then stratified into three groups (6 per group) for a 3-day dietary intervention: control group: maintained their usual diet; soda group: consumed soda zero, a source of added inorganic P; and processed cheese group: consumed fresh processed cheese, which includes both organic and inorganic P additives. At last visit, all participants again completed a 3-day dietary survey and collected a 24 h urine sample (and blood samples in Study-2). Dietary P intake was estimated using two tools: the diet calibrator and the Spanish Food Composition Database (BEDCA). Results: After the intervention, neither BEDCA nor the diet calibrator was able to provide an accurate measurement of inorganic P ingested. However, only in the soda group, P/UUN increased in both studies (p = 0.046 and 0.047). In Study-2, the levels of FGF23 and klotho remained unchanged (p = 0.9 and p = 0.7, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that urinary P/UUN ratio may be a useful biomarker to monitor changes in inorganic P intake and could help to individualize dietary recommendations to reduce inorganic P exposure without restricting protein intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Complications)
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Review

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16 pages, 515 KB  
Review
Non-Pharmacological Interventions Aimed at Changing the Gut Microbiota for Preventing the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease
by Małgorzata Szczuko, Anna Grudniewska, Anna Durma, Robert Małecki, Izabela Filipczyńska, Edward Franek and Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2112; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132112 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1749
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 20–50% of individuals with diabetes. The aim of this review was to identify interventions that positively influence the gut microbiota in DKD. Methods: Identification of relevant studies was conducted via a systematic search of databases and registers [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 20–50% of individuals with diabetes. The aim of this review was to identify interventions that positively influence the gut microbiota in DKD. Methods: Identification of relevant studies was conducted via a systematic search of databases and registers using the PRISMA guidelines. This review examined the relevant literature published up to 5 January 2025, using a systematic search in PubMed and Scopus. The search was conducted with combinations of keywords including DKD and therapy, supplementation and gut microbiota, and supplementation or probiotics or fecal microbiota transplant. The initial search fielded 132 results from PubMed and 72 from Scopus, which was narrowed to 135 relevant studies. The exclusion criteria included non-English language studies, letters to the editor, and conference abstracts. Eligible studies were independently assessed by a minimum of three authors, with discrepancies resolved through consensus. Results: Gut microbiota-targeted interventions, including probiotics, synbiotics, and dietary modifications, show promise in modulating the gut microbiota, but evidence specific to DKD remains limited. Some natural food components such as polyphenols and anthocyanins modulate the composition of the gut microbiota translocation of uremic toxins, which slows down the progression of diabetic kidney disease. In animal models, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown positive effects in regulating dysbiosis and beneficial effects in chronic kidney disease, but studies involving humans with DKD are insufficient. Conclusions: Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, administered at doses ranging from 0.6 to 90 billion CFU, may help lower urea and creatinine levels, but outcomes vary by disease stage, duration of therapy, and amount used. High-fiber diets (>10.1 g/1000 kcal/day) and supplements such as resistant starch and curcumin (400–1500 mg/day) may reduce uremic toxins through gut microbiota modulation and reduction in oxidative stress. The effect of sodium butyrate requires further human studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Complications)
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