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Diet, Nutrition, and Physical Activity: Their Influence on Alzheimer’s Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 1421

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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
Interests: diet and exercise; mental; cognitive; brain health; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet, nutrition, and physical activity are interconnected lifestyle factors that significantly influence brain health and may affect the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Research suggests that certain dietary patterns, like the Mediterranean and MIND diets, may be protective against AD. These diets emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fish, while limiting red meat, processed foods, and added sugars. They are rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and other nutrients that support brain health. Studies have shown that people who adhere to these diets tend to have better cognitive function and a lower risk of AD compared to those who do not. Similarly, regular exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function, reduce the risk of cognitive decline, and may even delay the onset of AD. Physical activity promotes blood flow to the brain, enhances neuroplasticity, and reduces vascular risk factors. Combining a healthy diet with regular physical activity may have a synergistic effect on brain health, providing greater protection against AD than either factor alone. Both diet and exercise influence various biological mechanisms that are implicated in AD, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. We invite manuscripts that address any aspect of this topic including the impact of innovative diets and nutrients on AD, the impact of physical activity on AD, and their synergistic effect. Cross-sectional, prospective, randomized controlled trials; meta-analyses; and narrative reviews are welcome.

Dr. Amanda N. Szabo-Reed
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrition
  • nutrients
  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • movement
  • cognitive
  • brain health
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
  • dementia

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 1355 KiB  
Review
Mechanisms Linking Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects of Polyphenols and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
by Mahsa Yavari, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana, Breanna N. Harris, Latha Ramalingam, Yujiao Zu, Chanaka Nadeeshan Kahathuduwa and Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071203 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 917
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. It poses a significant global health challenge. AD is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain, along [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. It poses a significant global health challenge. AD is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain, along with chronic inflammation, dysfunctional neurons, and synapse loss. While the prevalence of AD continues to rise, the current FDA-approved drugs offer only limited effectiveness. Emerging evidence suggests that obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are also implicated in AD pathogenesis, with epidemiological studies and animal models confirming the impact of IR on Aβ accumulation, and high-fat diets also exacerbating Aβ accumulation. Since neuroinflammation activated by Aβ involves the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cell (NF-κB) pathway, the inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are potential therapeutic strategies in AD. Bioactive compounds, including polyphenols (resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, and quercetin), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, show promising results in animal studies and clinical trials for reducing Aβ levels, improving cognition and modulating the signaling pathways implicated in AD. This review explores the interplay between obesity, IR, inflammation, and AD pathology, emphasizing the potential of dietary compounds and their role in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive decline, as viable strategies for AD prevention and treatment. By integrating epidemiological findings, observational studies, and clinical trials, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understating of how metabolic dysfunctions and bioactive compounds influence AD progression. Full article
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