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Dietary Advice and Guidance on Liver Metabolism

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2025) | Viewed by 4232

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: metabolic syndrome; liver diseases; NAFLD/NASH; chronic low-grade inflammation; dietary patterns; Mediterranean diet
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The liver is the metabolic power plant of the organism, playing a central role in regulating energy balance, synthesizing molecules used by all organs and tissues, and converting molecules of one type to another, including the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics as alcohol. The major functions of the liver include the metabolism of carbohydrates (glycogenesis, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis), fats (triglycerides’ oxidation and the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, bile acids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins), and proteins (the synthesis of non-essential amino acids and the majority of plasma proteins, and the removal of ammonia by the synthesis of urea). Due to its central role in the metabolic process, liver disease can represent both the cause and effect of metabolic disruption: in physiological conditions, the liver maintains metabolic homeostasis, but when pathology occurs, different degrees and etiologies of diseases can significantly affect its contribution to the metabolic process. Therefore, specific dietary approaches are necessary to preserve liver health in normal conditions to help to maintain liver function in compensated diseases, and to support it without overloading the residual function in decompensated and end-stage liver diseases.

Nutrients, and in particular, this Special Issue, titled “Dietary Advice and Guidance on Liver Metabolism”, has been developed to address this important topic. Researchers are invited to submit original research, protocol developments, methodological studies, narrative or systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in relation to this topic.

Dr. Silvia Ferri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dietary patterns
  • liver metabolism
  • chronic liver disease
  • NAFLD/NASH
  • end-stage liver disease
  • nutraceutical supplements
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • metabolic syndrome
  • alcohol metabolism

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1866 KiB  
Article
An 8-Week Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Alters the Landscape of Obese-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs), Redefining Hepatic Cell Phenotypes
by Francesco Balestra, Maria De Luca, Giorgia Panzetta, Nicoletta Depalo, Federica Rizzi, Rita Mastrogiacomo, Sergio Coletta, Grazia Serino, Emanuele Piccinno, Dolores Stabile, Pasqua Letizia Pesole, Valentina De Nunzio, Giuliano Pinto, Nicole Cerabino, Martina Di Chito, Maria Notarnicola, Endrit Shahini, Giovanni De Pergola and Maria Principia Scavo
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4189; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234189 - 4 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Background. Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are an effective weight-loss strategy for obese individuals, reducing risks of liver conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are implicated in liver fibrosis by influencing hepatic cell phenotypes and contributing to liver [...] Read more.
Background. Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are an effective weight-loss strategy for obese individuals, reducing risks of liver conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are implicated in liver fibrosis by influencing hepatic cell phenotypes and contributing to liver damage. This study investigates sEVs derived from serum of 60 obese adults categorized into low fibrosis risk (LR) and intermediate/high fibrosis risk (IHR) groups based on FibroScan elastography (FIB E scores, limit value 8 kPa) and all participants underwent an 8-week VLCKD intervention. Methods. The study examines the impact of these sEVs on fibrosis markers, inflammation, and autophagy in a hepatocyte cell line (HEPA-RG) using bioinformatics, RNA sequencing, lipidomics, RT-PCR, and Western blotting before (T0) and after (T1) VLCKD. Results. sEVs from LR patients post-VLCKD reduced fibrosis related gene expression (e.g., ACTA2) and enhanced proteins associated with regeneration and inflammation (e.g., HDAC6). Conversely, sEVs from IHR patients increased fibrosis and inflammation related gene expression (PIK3CB, AKT1, ACTA2) in hepatocytes, raising concerns about VLCKD suitability for IHR patients. IHR sEVs also decreased expression of HDAC10, HDAC6, HDAC3, MMP19, and MMP2, while increasing modulation of p-AKT, α-SMA, and VIM. Conclusion. These findings underscore the critical role of sEVs in regulating inflammation, remodeling, and hepatic stress responses, particularly in IHR patients, and suggest sEVs could complement instrumental evaluations like FibroScan in fibrosis assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Advice and Guidance on Liver Metabolism)
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Review

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33 pages, 666 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Dietary Interventions on Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Comorbid Conditions, Including Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
by Joanna Michalina Jurek, Katarzyna Zablocka-Sowinska, Helena Clavero Mestres, Leyre Reyes Gutiérrez, Javier Camaron and Teresa Auguet
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071257 - 3 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1954
Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a public health concern, linked with immune-metabolic dysfunction. While lifestyle and dietary modifications remain the cornerstone of MASLD management, the optimal dietary approach remains uncertain. Objectives: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of [...] Read more.
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a public health concern, linked with immune-metabolic dysfunction. While lifestyle and dietary modifications remain the cornerstone of MASLD management, the optimal dietary approach remains uncertain. Objectives: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of model dietary patterns on metabolic outcomes in patients with MASLD and evaluate their effects in individuals with coexisting metabolic conditions, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: To conduct the review, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on the adult population, published between January 2019 and September 2024, following PRISMA principles. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed qualitatively based on study characteristics. Results: The main findings of this review demonstrated that the use of interventions with dietary model based on Mediterranean diet (MED) and intermittent fasting (IF) approaches, such as alternative-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding regimens (TRF) may have potential in reducing body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, with additional benefits of improving glycemic control and reducing inflammation. The effects on hepatic functions, although limited, may be linked with reduced enzyme activity and liver stiffness. Additionally, the use of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LOV-D) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may offer additional health benefits, including blood pressure management. Conclusions: This review suggests that MED and IF-based strategies may reduce BW, improve glycemic control, and lower inflammation, with potential benefits for hepatic function. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these effects and underlying mechanisms, which will allow for the optimization of protocols and ensure their safety in MASLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Advice and Guidance on Liver Metabolism)
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