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The Impact of Dietary Trends on Physiological Processes in Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2025 | Viewed by 1725

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
Interests: insulin resistance; diabetes; athletic performance; metabolism; human physiology; metabolic diseases; nutrition; hypertension; strength & conditioning; exercise physiology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adequate nutrient intake is a vital requirement for humans. While unprecedented advancements in agricultural science and engineering have dramatically improved nutrient availability, the impact on human health has not been entirely positive. Processed foods, while being relatively inexpensive, quick to prepare, and effective in reducing the incidence of hunger, fall short when it comes to nutrient quality. For example, the ratio of polyunsaturated fats to saturated fats has changed significantly and may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Excessive simple carbohydrates and low protein quality also represent common characteristics of processed foods and may negatively affect body composition. In contrast, foods containing non-processed ingredients are often lower in sugar, saturated fats, and excessive additives. The fundamental influence of processed versus non-processed foods on physiological processes that affect human health is the major focus of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Robert Coker
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dietary intake
  • dietary quality
  • processed foods
  • non-processed foods
  • anti-inflammatories
  • human health
  • body composition
  • physiological processes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 877 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Exercise in Hypoxia and Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet in Managing Hypertension in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Novel Intervention Approach
by Raquel Kindlovits, Ana Catarina Sousa, João Luís Viana, Jaime Milheiro, Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira, Franklim Marques, Alejandro Santos and Vitor Hugo Teixeira
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030522 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1262
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition marked by hyperglycemia, which can affect metabolic, vascular, and hematological parameters. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet has been shown to improve glycemic control and blood pressure regulation. Exercise in hypoxia (EH) enhances insulin [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition marked by hyperglycemia, which can affect metabolic, vascular, and hematological parameters. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet has been shown to improve glycemic control and blood pressure regulation. Exercise in hypoxia (EH) enhances insulin sensitivity, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis. The combination of LCHF and EH may offer a promising strategy for managing T2DM and hypertension (HTN), although evidence remains limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of an eight-week normobaric EH intervention at 3000 m simulated altitude combined with an LCHF diet on hematological and lipid profiles, inflammation, and blood pressure in older patients with T2DM and HTN. Methods: Forty-two diabetic patients with HTN were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) control group (control diet + exercise in normoxia), (2) EH group (control diet + EH), and (3) intervention group (EH+LCHF) Baseline and eight-week measurements included systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP), hematological and lipid profiles, and inflammation biomarkers. Results: Blood pressure decreased after the intervention (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between groups (SBP: p = 0.151; DBP: p = 0.124; MAP: p = 0.18). No differences were observed in lipid profile or C-reactive protein levels (p > 0.05). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased in the EH group (p = 0.027), while it decreased in the EH+LCHF group (p = 0.046). Conclusions: Adding hypoxia or restricting carbohydrates did not provide additional benefits on blood pressure in T2DM patients with HTN. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying hematological adaptations is imperative. Trial registration number: NCT05094505. Full article
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