Nutrients

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Prof. Dr. Maurizio Volterrani

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1. Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2. Cardio Pulmonary Department, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
Interests: cardiology; heart failure; cardiac rehabilitation; exercise training; hyperkalemia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The circadian rhythm regulates the functioning of several physiological and biochemical variables, including body temperature, blood pressure, and the secretion of several hormones. There is also an intricate link between the circadian rhythm and metabolic regulations. As a consequence, the disruption of the circadian rhythm can trigger obesity and other common metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is known that several nutritional compounds have robust effects on the circadian system, and incorrect eating habits can contribute to increase cardiovascular risk by impairing the circadian rhythmicity.

This Special Issue aims to investigate the intricate relationship between nutrition and circadian rhythm and would like to explore the consequences of this relationship on metabolic and cardiovascular health. Papers addressing the influence of nutrients and eating habits, both from a clinical and experimental point of view, on circadian rhythmicity are welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Maurizio Volterrani
Guest Editor

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Keywords

circadian rhythm
eating habits
cardiovascular risk
nutrients
metabolism

Published Papers (1 paper)

Review

15 pages, 1327 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chrononutrition in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Literature Review

by Maria Mentzelou, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Evmorfia Psara, Gavriela Voulgaridou, Eleni Pavlidou, Odysseas Androutsos and Constantinos Giaginis

Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050722 - 1 Mar 2024

Viewed by 2026

Abstract

Background: The concept of time-restricted eating (TRE) or time-restricted feeding (TRF) promotes daily periods of feeding and fasting to determine whole-body physiology. Chronic misalignment of circadian rhythms or chrono-disruption is related to an increased risk of diverse metabolic disorders. The progression of non-communicable diseases seems to be affected by the timing of meals. As a result, intermittent fasting is a promising approach for their management. The aim of the present literature review is to examine and scrutinize the TRE protocols in the fields of prevention and management of metabolic disorders. Methods: This is a thorough literature review of the reported associations among circadian rhythm, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity, TRE, TRF, dietary habits, circadian disruption, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver to find the already existing clinical studies from the last decade (2014–2024) in the most precise scientific online databases, using relevant specific keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to scrutinize only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical human studies. Results: The currently available clinical findings remain scarce and suggest that chrononutrition behaviors such as TRE or TRF may promote several metabolic benefits, mainly in body weight control and fat loss. Improvements in glucose levels and lipid profiles are currently quite controversial since some clinical studies show little or no effect. As far as liver diseases are concerned, the efficacy of intermittent fasting seems to be stronger in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to body weight decline and fat loss. Conclusions: Even if there has been a gradual increase in clinical studies in the last few years, providing promising perspectives, currently, there is no conclusive evidence for the role of chrononutrition in metabolic disorders. Future studies should be well-designed with longer duration and larger sample sizes. Moreover, it is important to examine the best timing of the eating window and its feasibility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circadian Rhythms, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health)

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