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Nanomaterials
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Micro/Nano-Machining: Fundamentals and Recent Advances Volume II
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Micro/Nano-Machining: Fundamentals and Recent Advances Volume II

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 3676

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jun Shimizu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
Interests: cutting; grinding; polishing; texturing; EDM; laser machining; SPM-based machining; molecular dynamics; nano/micro-tribology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As represented by the manufacture of ultra-precision devices such as semiconductor integrated circuits and optical components, the importance of micro/nano-machining or material processing that incorporates chemical and heat or other effects has been increasing. The targets are not only the materials that have been conventionally used, but also the next-generation materials including nanomaterials. In addition, as represented by molecular simulations and SPM-based processes, there is a wide variety of methods for analyzing these machining or processing mechanisms.

This Special Issue aims to collect a variety of high-quality research papers and review articles that focus on micro/nano-machining and related processing or simulation of various kind of engineering materials. I am looking forward to receiving your valuable articles.

Prof. Dr. Jun Shimizu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • micro/nano-machining
  • finishing
  • electrical machining process
  • beam process
  • chemical process
  • hybrid process
  • SPM-based process
  • micro/nano-molding
  • machining simulation
  • nanomachine
  • nanoelement
  • nanofabrication
  • nanolithography
  • nano-surface and subsurface analysis
  • nano-metrology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 26386 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Microfabrication Enhancement of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Reinforced Biomedical Alumina Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites
by Mustafa M. Nasr, Saqib Anwar, Ali M. Al-Samhan, Khaled N. Alqahtani, Abdulmajeed Dabwan and Mohammed H. Alhaag
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061032 - 13 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1704
Abstract
Studies about adding graphene reinforcement to improve the microfabrication performance of alumina (Al2O3) ceramic materials are still too rare and incomplete to satisfy sustainable manufacturing requirements. Therefore, this study aims to develop a detailed understanding of the effect of [...] Read more.
Studies about adding graphene reinforcement to improve the microfabrication performance of alumina (Al2O3) ceramic materials are still too rare and incomplete to satisfy sustainable manufacturing requirements. Therefore, this study aims to develop a detailed understanding of the effect of graphene reinforcement to enhance the laser micromachining performance of Al2O3-based nanocomposites. To achieve this, high-density Al2O3 nanocomposite specimens were fabricated with 0 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.5 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) using a high-frequency induction heating process. The specimens were subjected to laser micromachining. Afterward, the effects of the GNP contents on the ablation depth/width, surface morphology, surface roughness, and material removal rate were studied. The results indicate that the micro-fabrication performance of the nanocomposites was significantly affected by the GNP content. All nanocomposites exhibited improvement in the ablation depth and material removal rate compared to the base Al2O3 (0 wt.% GNP). For instance, at a higher scanning speed, the ablation depth was increased by a factor of 10 times for the GNP-reinforced specimens compared to the base Al2O3 nanocomposites. In addition, the MRRs were increased by 2134%, 2391%, 2915%, and 2427% for the 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.5 wt.% GNP/Al2O3 nanocomposites, respectively, compared to the base Al2O3 specimens. Likewise, the surface roughness and surface morphology were considerably improved for all GNP/Al2O3 nanocomposite specimens compared to the base Al2O3. This is because the GNP reinforcement reduced the ablation threshold and increased the material removal efficiency by increasing the optical absorbance and thermal conductivity and reducing the grain size of the Al2O3 nanocomposites. Among the GNP/Al2O3 nanocomposites, the 0.5 wt.% and 1 wt.% GNP specimens showed superior performance with minimum defects in most laser micromachining conditions. Overall, the results show that the GNP-reinforced Al2O3 nanocomposites can be machined with high quality and a high production rate using a basic fiber laser system (20 Watts) with very low power consumption. This study shows huge potential for adding graphene to alumina ceramic-based materials to improve their machinability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Machining: Fundamentals and Recent Advances Volume II)
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11 pages, 4352 KiB  
Article
Thickness Effects on the Martensite Transformations and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline NiTi Wires
by Gulsharat A. Baigonakova, Ekaterina S. Marchenko, Marina A. Kovaleva, Ekaterina A. Chudinova, Alex A. Volinsky and Yi Zhang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(24), 4442; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244442 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1168
Abstract
This paper studied the features of the martensitic transformations and mechanical properties of 40, 60, and 90 µm thick NiTi wires with nanocrystalline B2 structures. It was established that the wires were composites and consisted of a TiNi matrix and a TiO2 [...] Read more.
This paper studied the features of the martensitic transformations and mechanical properties of 40, 60, and 90 µm thick NiTi wires with nanocrystalline B2 structures. It was established that the wires were composites and consisted of a TiNi matrix and a TiO2 + TiNi3 surface layer. Structural methods showed that the wire matrix was formed by grains of up to 20 nm in size. The method of measuring the electrical resistivity during cooling and heating revealed a two-stage nature of the martensitic transformation. Cyclic loading–unloading demonstrated that all the samples exhibited superelasticity effects and completely restored their shape when unloaded from a 4–8% relative strain at room temperature. An increase in mechanical characteristics with respect to the wire thickness was experimentally established. This was due to the change in the composition of the TiNi matrix during drawing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Machining: Fundamentals and Recent Advances Volume II)
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16 pages, 6985 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Effects of Pulse-Atomic Force Nanolithography Parameters on 2.5D Nanostructures’ Morphology
by Paolo Pellegrino, Isabella Farella, Mariafrancesca Cascione, Valeria De Matteis, Alessandro Paolo Bramanti, Antonio Della Torre, Fabio Quaranta and Rosaria Rinaldi
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(24), 4421; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244421 - 11 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1229
Abstract
In recent years, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)-based nanolithography techniques have emerged as a very powerful approach for the machining of countless types of nanostructures. However, the conventional AFM-based nanolithography methods suffer from low efficiency, low rate of patterning, and high complexity of execution. [...] Read more.
In recent years, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)-based nanolithography techniques have emerged as a very powerful approach for the machining of countless types of nanostructures. However, the conventional AFM-based nanolithography methods suffer from low efficiency, low rate of patterning, and high complexity of execution. In this frame, we first developed an easy and effective nanopatterning technique, termed Pulse-Atomic Force Lithography (P-AFL), with which we were able to pattern 2.5D nanogrooves on a thin polymer layer. Indeed, for the first time, we patterned nanogrooves with either constant or varying depth profiles, with sub-nanometre resolution, high accuracy, and reproducibility. In this paper, we present the results on the investigation of the effects of P-AFL parameters on 2.5D nanostructures’ morphology. We considered three main P-AFL parameters, i.e., the pulse’s amplitude (setpoint), the pulses’ width, and the distance between the following indentations (step), and we patterned arrays of grooves after a precise and well-established variation of the aforementioned parameters. Optimizing the nanolithography process, in terms of patterning time and nanostructures quality, we realized unconventional shape nanostructures with high accuracy and fidelity. Finally, a scanning electron microscope was used to confirm that P-AFL does not induce any damage on AFM tips used to pattern the nanostructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Machining: Fundamentals and Recent Advances Volume II)
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22 pages, 6851 KiB  
Article
Implementation of Passing Vehicle Search Algorithm for Optimization of WEDM Process of Nickel-Based Superalloy Waspaloy
by Rakesh Chaudhari, Izaro Ayesta, Mikesh Doshi, Sakshum Khanna, Vivek K. Patel, Jay Vora and Luis Norberto López de Lacalle
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(24), 4394; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244394 - 9 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1018
Abstract
Nickel-based superalloys find their main use in missile engines, atomic devices, investigational aircraft, aerospace engineering, industrial applications, and automotive gas turbines, spacecraft petrochemical tools, steam power, submarines, and broader heating applications. These superalloys impose certain difficulties during the process fabrication owing to their [...] Read more.
Nickel-based superalloys find their main use in missile engines, atomic devices, investigational aircraft, aerospace engineering, industrial applications, and automotive gas turbines, spacecraft petrochemical tools, steam power, submarines, and broader heating applications. These superalloys impose certain difficulties during the process fabrication owing to their levels of higher hardness. In the current study, the precise machining of Waspaloy was attempted through the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technique. A multi-objective optimization has been performed, and the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been assessed using the passing vehicle search (PVS) algorithm. The effects of machining variables like current, Toff, and Ton were studied using the output measures of material removal rate (MRR), recast layer thickness (RLT), and surface roughness (SR). The Box–Behnken design was applied to generate the experimental matrix. Empirical models were generated which show the interrelationship among the process variables and output measures. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to check the adequacy, and suitability of the models and to understand the significance of the parameters. The PVS technique was executed for the optimization of MRR, SR, and RLT. Pareto fronts were derived which gives a choice to the user to select any point on the front as per the requirement. To enhance the machining performance, MWCNTs mixed dielectric fluid was utilized, and the effect of these MWCNTs was also analyzed on the surface defects. The use of MWCNTs at 1 g/L enhanced the performance of MRR, SR, and RLT by 65.70%, 50.68%, and 40.96%, respectively. Also, the addition of MWCNTs has shown that the machined surface largely reduces the surface defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Machining: Fundamentals and Recent Advances Volume II)
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