The Role of Nanomaterials in Soils and Plants

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanotechnology in Agriculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2026 | Viewed by 4765

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: biotechnology in plants; nanomaterials; nanofertilizers
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterials, due to their small size and high surface area, exhibit unique physicochemical properties that influence their behavior in soil and their interaction with plants. The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has led to increased use of nanomaterials (NMs) in agriculture, promising enhanced crop productivity, improved soil health, and more efficient use of agrochemicals. However, the interaction between plants, soil, and nanomaterials is complex, involving both beneficial and potentially harmful effects. Understanding these interactions is crucial for harnessing the benefits of nanotechnology while minimizing environmental risks.

Scientists are developing nanofertilizers and nano-enabled soil amendments that enhance nutrient delivery, water retention, and crop yields, while also reducing environmental impact. Innovations like nano-irrigation systems and biochar-supported nanomaterials are improving soil remediation and pollutant immobilization. Advanced nanotechnologies also target soil structure, microbial health, and plant resilience, using materials such as carbon nanotubes, nano-silicon, and metal oxide nanoparticles. These breakthroughs offer precise control over plant nutrition and soil health; however, ongoing studies emphasize the need for careful assessment of long-term ecological effects.

This Special Issue will accept innovative research (full papers and short communications) and review manuscripts that cover (but are not limited to) the following topics:

Smart Fertilizers and Pesticides: Nanomaterials are being developed as carriers for nutrients and agrochemicals, enabling targeted delivery and reduced environmental impact.

Ecological Concerns: The persistence and accumulation of NMs in soil may pose long-term risks to soil health, plant productivity, and food safety.

General Problem: The interaction of plants and soil with nanomaterials presents both opportunities and challenges. While nanomaterials can enhance soil fertility and plant growth, their potential toxicity and impact on soil ecosystems warrant cautious application. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms of NM interaction in the soil–plant system, optimizing their benefits and mitigating risks for sustainable agricultural development.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Marta Marmiroli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanobiotechnology
  • nanofertilizers
  • plant–nanomaterial interaction
  • nanomaterials in soil and their action on the soil microbiome
  • nanomaterials
  • plant rhizosphere

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 9834 KB  
Article
Different Magnetization Levels of Magnetite–Chitosan Nanocomposites for Co (II) Adsorption from Natural Waters
by Sergej Šemčuk, Živilė Jurgelėnė, Vidas Pakštas, Danguolė Montvydienė, Audrius Drabavičius, Kęstutis Jokšas, Martynas Talaikis, Jonas Mažeika, Kęstutis Mažeika, Karina Kuzborskaja and Galina Lujanienė
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(7), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16070393 - 25 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 498
Abstract
Biopolymers such as chitosan are considered important candidates for water purification due to their non-toxicity, biodegradability, natural origin, biocompatibility, and potential for modification to provide additional capabilities, such as incorporating nanomaterials for magnetism to enable rapid separation or adding functional groups to enhance [...] Read more.
Biopolymers such as chitosan are considered important candidates for water purification due to their non-toxicity, biodegradability, natural origin, biocompatibility, and potential for modification to provide additional capabilities, such as incorporating nanomaterials for magnetism to enable rapid separation or adding functional groups to enhance selectivity towards target adsorbates. This study investigated adsorption of Co (II), traced by Co-60 radionuclide, systematically evaluated in natural aquatic matrices selected according to water body type: seawater (Baltic Sea) and freshwater systems further distinguished as lentic (Lake Balsys) and lotic (Neris River) environments, using synthesized magnetite–chitosan nanocomposites (MCNs) with varying loadings of Fe3O4 (10–30 wt. %) nanoparticles providing different levels of magnetization. Comprehensive characterization (TEM, FTIR, AFM, XRD, and Mössbauer spectroscopy) confirmed successful integration of magnetite nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix and reproducible structural properties. An optimal magnetization of 11 emu/g was achieved at 20 wt. % Fe3O4, enabling rapid magnetic separation within <1 min without compromising sorption capacity. Adsorption isotherm models were applied to investigate the adsorption parameters, and sorption kinetics were studied, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.93 mg/g for MCN-10 in seawater and 11.95 mg/g for MCN-20 in freshwater with observed equilibrium within 120 min. These promising results indicate that the MCN is a suitable nanocomposite for the removal of Co (II) ions and the Co-60 radionuclide from aquatic media. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nanomaterials in Soils and Plants)
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16 pages, 6641 KB  
Article
Zn- and Cu-Doped MnFe2O4 Nanofertilizer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Role in Enhancing Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Growth
by Dipali R. Ingavale, Vithoba L. Patil, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Sagar M. Mane and Panditrao D. Shiragave
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(7), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16070392 - 24 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies and low nutrient-use efficiency remain critical constraints to sustainable crop production. This study tested the hypothesis that Zn- and Cu-doped MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles can function as an efficient multinutrient nanofertilizer to enhance fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) [...] Read more.
Micronutrient deficiencies and low nutrient-use efficiency remain critical constraints to sustainable crop production. This study tested the hypothesis that Zn- and Cu-doped MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles can function as an efficient multinutrient nanofertilizer to enhance fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) growth and physiological performance. Zn- and Cu-doped MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The nanoparticles exhibited a cubic spinel structure with an average crystallite size of 27 nm and uniform incorporation of Zn and Cu within the MnFe2O4 lattice. Foliar application at different concentrations (100–500 mg/L) significantly improved seed germination, seed vigor, plant height, leaf number, stem thickness, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content compared with the untreated control. The 300 mg/L treatment consistently produced the greatest improvements, increasing plant height, biomass, and total chlorophyll content by more than 25–40% relative to control plants. Higher concentrations of T5 resulted in diminished benefits, indicating a concentration-dependent response. These findings demonstrate that Zn- and Cu-doped MnFe2O4 nanofertilizer provides a balanced and bioavailable source of essential micronutrients, offering a promising nano-enabled strategy for improving nutrient use efficiency and sustainable fenugreek production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nanomaterials in Soils and Plants)
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Review

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34 pages, 2440 KB  
Review
Nano-Biotechnology in Soil Remediation: Use of Nanomaterials to Promote Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance
by Xunfeng Chen, Shuoqi Wang, Huijuan Lai, Linjing Deng, Qin Zhong, Charles Obinwanne Okoye, Qijian Niu, Yanping Jing, Juncai Wang and Jianxiong Jiang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(22), 1743; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15221743 - 19 Nov 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3507
Abstract
Soil degradation and pollution pose significant threats to global agricultural sustainability and food security. Conventional remediation methods are often constrained by low efficiency, high cost, and potential secondary pollution. Nanobiotechnology, an emerging interdisciplinary field, offers innovative solutions by integrating functional nanomaterials with plant–microbe [...] Read more.
Soil degradation and pollution pose significant threats to global agricultural sustainability and food security. Conventional remediation methods are often constrained by low efficiency, high cost, and potential secondary pollution. Nanobiotechnology, an emerging interdisciplinary field, offers innovative solutions by integrating functional nanomaterials with plant–microbe interactions to advance soil remediation and sustainable agriculture. This review systematically elaborates on the mechanisms and applications of nanomaterials in soil remediation and enhanced plant stress resilience. For contaminant removal, nanomaterials such as nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) and carbon nanotubes effectively immobilize or degrade heavy metals and organic pollutants through adsorption, catalysis, and other reactive mechanisms. In agriculture, nanofertilizers facilitate the regulated release of nutrients, thereby markedly enhancing nutrient use efficiency. Concurrently, certain nanoparticles mitigate a range of abiotic stresses—such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity—through the regulation of phytohormone balance, augmentation of photosynthetic performance, and reinforcement of antioxidant defenses. However, concerns regarding the environmental behavior, ecotoxicity, and long-term safety of nanomaterials remain. Future research should prioritize the development of smart, responsive nanosystems, elucidate the complex interactions among nanomaterials, plants, and microbes, and establish comprehensive life-cycle assessment and standardized risk evaluation frameworks. These efforts are essential to ensuring the safe and scalable application of nanobiotechnology in environmental remediation and green agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nanomaterials in Soils and Plants)
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