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Plant-Derived Compounds: Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 691

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
Interests: natural products; bioactive compounds; bio-compounds extraction, isolation and characterization sustainable use of waste

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will explore the biological functions and therapeutic potential of compounds derived from plants. We'll focus on how these compounds contribute to disease prevention, treatment, and overall health promotion. We're looking for original research and review articles covering the extraction, isolation, structural elucidation, and bioactivity assessment of phytochemicals. We especially encourage studies that highlight their molecular mechanisms of action, pharmacological properties, and applications in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods. This issue aims to be a platform for advancing our understanding of natural bioactive compounds and their importance in modern biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.

Prof. Dr. Myongjo Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • plant-derived bioactive compounds
  • natural products
  • phytochemicals
  • biological activities
  • extraction and isolation
  • molecular mechanisms
  • phytotherapic products
  • ethnopharmacology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 5717 KB  
Article
Targeting the Galectin Axis in Osteoarthritis: Chondroprotective Effects of Dietary and Pharmacological Phytochemicals
by Katharina M. Pichler, Selina Kottinger, Bettina Rodriguez Molina, Jürgen Alphonsus, Sebastian Schmidt, Reinhard Windhager, Herbert Kaltner, Mario Rothbauer and Stefan Toegel
Molecules 2025, 30(22), 4391; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224391 - 13 Nov 2025
Viewed by 303
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Galectins contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) by amplifying inflammatory and catabolic signaling, yet targeted therapeutic approaches remain limited. Three Dimensional (3D) models offer a promising platform to study human OA pathophysiology and evaluate novel interventions. Methods: We established 3D pellet [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Galectins contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) by amplifying inflammatory and catabolic signaling, yet targeted therapeutic approaches remain limited. Three Dimensional (3D) models offer a promising platform to study human OA pathophysiology and evaluate novel interventions. Methods: We established 3D pellet cultures derived from human OA chondrocytes to investigate galectin-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and the chondroprotective potential of phytochemicals. OA pellets were stimulated with individual galectins (Gal-1, -3, -4, -8) or a Gal-1/-3/-8 mixture, followed by co-treatment with Brazilin, Diacerein, Quercetin, Resveratrol, or Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU). Morphological, histological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses were performed to assess tissue integrity and molecular responses. Results: Galectin treatment induced pronounced pellet shrinkage, matrix depletion, and upregulation of matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4), while suppressing matrix synthesis markers (COL2A1, COL1A1), highlighting their cooperative catabolic effects. Co-treatment with phytochemicals conferred differential protection: Brazilin and Diacerein most consistently preserved pellet size, reduced matrix-degrading gene expression, and attenuated pro-MMP-13 secretion. Resveratrol restored histological matrix density but failed to suppress pro-MMP-13 secretion. Notably, no phytochemical fully restored COL2A1 expression under galectin-induced stress. Conclusions: Our study identifies Brazilin, Diacerein, and Resveratrol as promising modulators of galectin-driven cartilage degeneration and demonstrates the translational potential of patient-derived chondrogenic pellets as a human-relevant platform for preclinical drug evaluation in OA. The 3D culture effectively recapitulates key aspects of OA pathophysiology and offers a robust system to advance therapeutic discovery targeting ECM remodeling. Full article
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