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Rational Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Small-Molecule Anticancer Agents

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1787

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
Interests: natural product chemistry; bio-inorganic chemistry; cancer drug discovery; targeted drug delivery; synthesis of bio-active metal complexes; medicinal plants; phytochemicals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Interests: drug design; drug discovery; medicinal chemistry; organic synthesis; lead optimization; anticancer; molecular modeling; in vitro assays

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is one of the most challenging and rapidly growing diseases worldwide. Various forms of cancer caused nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, with many new cases still increasing. Although many anticancer drugs are available on the market, their effectiveness is limited due to severe side effects and low specificity for cancer cells. Many biologically feasible drugs have been discovered and used as chemotherapy agents to treat cancer. Unfortunately, new challenges are emerging, such as the development of drug resistance in the causative biological agents, mild to severe side effects, and higher failure rates of new drugs in development. To address these gaps, there is an urgent need for next-generation chemotherapeutics and chemical probes that validate targets and translate into durable clinical benefit.

This Special Issue of Molecules invites original research communications on the design and synthesis of small molecules with anticancer activity, alongside comprehensive biological evaluation. We invite prominent and emerging academic researchers from around the world to submit papers to this Special Issue.

We welcome papers that focus on target-based design strategies, organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, total synthesis, natural product chemistry, in vitro assays, enzymatic assays that confirm target engagement, in vivo experiments, SAR, and computational chemistry that aim to improve the understanding of drug design and action.

Dr. Srinivasa Reddy Telukutla
Dr. Ganga Reddy Velma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug design
  • medicinal chemistry
  • organic synthesis
  • total synthesis
  • multi-drug resistance
  • biological activity
  • anti-cancer
  • heterocyclic compounds
  • cytotoxicity
  • structure–activity relationship
  • molecular modeling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 5220 KB  
Article
Four New Menadione Thioderivatives, Potential Antineoplastic Candidates: In Silico and PARP-1 Inhibition Studies
by Francisco Javier Pérez Flores, Luis Jaime Vázquez-López, Adriana Lizbeth Rivera Espejel, María Inés Nicolás-Vázquez, María Z. Saavedra-Leos, Alberto A. Fajardo de la Rosa, Samuel Álvarez-Almazán, Joel Martínez and René Miranda Ruvalcaba
Molecules 2026, 31(6), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31060958 - 12 Mar 2026
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Abstract
The design, production, and study of new poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have emerged as an interesting exploration area, since PARP-1 is an overexpressed enzyme in several carcinomas. In this sense, menadione, or vitamin K3, is well known for its use in correct [...] Read more.
The design, production, and study of new poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have emerged as an interesting exploration area, since PARP-1 is an overexpressed enzyme in several carcinomas. In this sense, menadione, or vitamin K3, is well known for its use in correct blood clotting, and for the generation of reactive oxygen species, but it is important to mention that it has been used as an antineoplastic agent against several cell lines. Related to the last commentary, in this work, four novel molecules (25) were produced from menadione through a Michael addition protocol, using 1,2-ethanedithiol, cysteamine, benzene-1,4-dithiol, and 4-aminobenzenethiol as nucleophiles, and menadione (1) as substrate, to evaluate them as plausible candidates to inhibit PARP-1. It is convenient to note that after their production and spectroscopic characterization, both docking and theoretical studies for each compound were conducted, using density functional theory (DFT) with the hybrid method B3LYP with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. As a complement, the reactivity properties determined by DFT calculations were obtained for all compounds; the results revealed that 2 has the best properties to bind with PARP-1, and 3 offered good results. Hence, the target compounds were evaluated in vitro, determining their activity against PARP-1, using olaparib as a reference. Molecules 2 and 3 displayed the free binding energy values −7.97 and −9.35 kcal/mol, respectively, but 2 has the best IC50 value, 13.76 µM. It is important to highlight that 2 and 3 must be considered as potential new inhibitor agents against PARP-1, exhibiting competitive IC50 values with olaparib. Full article
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Review

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17 pages, 1245 KB  
Review
Auranofin Combination Therapy: A New Frontier in Cancer Treatment
by Diana Laura Guzman-Gomez, Srinivasa Reddy Telukutla, Ruchika Ojha, Suresh K. Bhargava and Magdalena Plebanski
Molecules 2026, 31(3), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31030571 - 6 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Auranofin, a gold(I)-based compound initially developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent with a multimodal mechanism of action. This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic potential of auranofin in oncology focusing on its ability to synergize with [...] Read more.
Auranofin, a gold(I)-based compound initially developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent with a multimodal mechanism of action. This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic potential of auranofin in oncology focusing on its ability to synergize with conventional and emerging cancer treatments. Here, we discuss the unique pharmacological properties of auranofin, including thioredoxin reductase inhibition, reactive oxygen species induction, and modulation of key apoptotic pathways. Moreover, this article highlights new recent evidence on its ability to synergize with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of auranofin in overcoming drug resistance and its potential as an adjuvant in precision medicine. By analyzing both preclinical and clinical data, this review provides critical insights into the repositioning of auranofin as a versatile component in contemporary cancer treatment paradigms, while addressing current challenges and future directions for gold-based therapeutics in oncology. Full article
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