Diagenesis of Reservoir Sandstones: A Comparison Between Reservoirs and Non-Reservoirs

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 971

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Molenaar GeoConsulting, Richard Wagnerlaan 11, 2253 CA Voorschoten, The Netherlands
Interests: diagenesis; sedimentology; sediment petrography; petroleum geology; geology
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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 45A, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
Interests: sedimentary petrography; provenance analysis; diagenesis; basin analysis; paleogeography
School of Economics, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Interests: petroleum geology; petroleum exploration; sedimentary basins; structural geology; reservoir engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The theme of this Special Issue is the comparison of diagenesis and sedimentology between sandstone reservoirs (oil–gas and geothermal) and non-reservoirs. This involves comparing sandstones that have sufficient porosity and permeability—properties that would allow fluid flow and sufficient storage capacity—with those that have very low porosity and permeability. In fact, physical properties of rock and reservoir types are closely related to the characteristics of diagenetic minerals and their effects on reservoir quality. Moreover, the different chemical and mineralogical features of sediments can deeply influence the diagenetic processes, leading to the destruction of the reservoir porosity or prevention of intergranular pores. However, their effects are still debated.

This results in the following question: Which processes are responsible for reservoirs? Sedimentology or diagenesis? Sedimentology may create large, widespread, thick, and initially porous sandstone bodies, or amalgamated porous sandstone bodies with high hydraulic conductivity. Diagenesis, particularly during burial, modifies the initial properties, but it could be of low intensity. Low-intensity diagenesis means a low degree of compaction, the absence of chemical compaction, and/or a lack of cementation, which tends to infill intergranular pores. The absence of cementation may be caused by a lack of diagenetically susceptible components in the sediment, a lack of fluid flow—which supposedly is important for diagenesis—or a non-favourable physico-chemical environment. And what causes such low intensity diagenesis? And is diagenesis linked to the sedimentology?

Only when these issues are understood well that it might be possible to predict the occurrence of reservoir sandstone bodies in the subsurface.

Contributions to this Special Issue should focus on the above-mentioned issues. Examples can include, but are not limited to, the following: to try to  relate diagenesis to the sedimentology; to compare the sedimentology and diagenesis of reservoirs and non-reservoirs in the same field or basin; or focus on single cases trying to interpret the causes of a tight or porous sandstone; or to interpret the causes of diagenesis in a particular basin.

Dr. Nicolaas Molenaar
Dr. Sara Criniti
Dr. Hu Li
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • early and burial diagenesis
  • relation between sedimentology and diagenesis
  • reservoir quality
  • causes of diagenesis
  • diagenetic processes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 59024 KB  
Article
Digital Core-Based Characterization and Fracability Evaluation of Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs in the Weiyuan Area, Sichuan Basin, China
by Jing Li, Yuqi Deng, Tingting Huang, Guo Chen, Bei Yang, Xiaohai Ren and Hu Li
Minerals 2026, 16(4), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/min16040366 - 31 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Deep shale gas reservoirs in the southern Sichuan Basin (Weiyuan area) exhibit strong heterogeneity and complex pore-fracture networks. Traditional reservoir evaluation methods struggle to accurately capture their microscale pore characteristics and fracability, thereby restricting efficient development and precise sweet spot prediction. Therefore, integrating [...] Read more.
Deep shale gas reservoirs in the southern Sichuan Basin (Weiyuan area) exhibit strong heterogeneity and complex pore-fracture networks. Traditional reservoir evaluation methods struggle to accurately capture their microscale pore characteristics and fracability, thereby restricting efficient development and precise sweet spot prediction. Therefore, integrating digital core technology with geological analysis is essential to systematically quantify key reservoir parameters, including microscale pore structure, mineral composition, and brittleness characteristics. To clarify the controlling factors of high-quality deep shale gas reservoirs in the Weiyuan area and assess their exploration and development potential, we performed digital core analysis at micron to nanometer scales. Three-dimensional digital core models of representative deep shale gas wells were constructed. Integrating mineral composition, geochemical characteristics, and pore space features, we discuss the geological conditions for deep shale gas accumulation and the fracability of horizontal wells, and we delineate favorable shale reservoir zones. The results show that digital core technology enables quantitative and visual characterization of each sublayer of the Longmaxi Formation shale reservoir, including mineral types, laminae types, pore-throat structures, and organic matter distribution. From the Long 11-1 sublayer to the Long 11-4 sublayer, the pore-throat radius, total pore volume, total throat volume, connected pore-throat percentage, and coordination number all gradually decrease. In the eastern Weiyuan area, the siliceous components in deep shale gas reservoirs at the base of the Longmaxi Formation are primarily of both biogenic and terrigenous origin. Due to local variations in the sedimentary environment, terrigenous input contributes significantly to the total siliceous content in this region. Although the Long 11-1 sublayer of the Longmaxi Formation is lithologically classified as mud shale, its particle size and mineral composition more closely resemble those of clayey siltstone or argillaceous sandstone, suggesting considerable potential for reservoir space development. Typical wells in the eastern Weiyuan area exhibit distinct lithological characteristics, including coarser grain sizes, stronger hydrodynamic conditions during deposition, and abundant terrigenous clastic supply. The rigid framework formed by silt- to sand-sized particles effectively mitigates compaction, thereby facilitating the preservation of intergranular pores and microfractures. High organic matter abundance, appropriate thermal maturity, and a considerable thickness of high-quality shale ensured sufficient hydrocarbon supply. The main types of natural fractures are intergranular and grain-edge fractures formed by differences in sedimentary grain size, and bedding-parallel fractures generated by hydrocarbon generation overpressure. Based on reservoir mineral composition, pore characteristics, areal porosity, and pore size distribution identified via digital core analysis, the bottom 0–3 m of the Long 11-1 sublayer is determined to be the optimal target interval. By delineating the microscopic characteristics of the shale reservoir and predicting rock mechanical parameters, a fracability evaluation index was established from digital core simulations. This guides the selection of target layers in deep shale gas reservoirs and optimizes hydraulic fracturing design. Full article
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20 pages, 8759 KB  
Article
Sedimentology and Geochemistry of the Permian Longtan Formation Transitional Shale, Sichuan Basin, Southwest China
by Yu Ji, Yuqiang Jiang, Zhanlei Wang, Ruiqi Gao and Jian Qian
Minerals 2026, 16(3), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/min16030326 - 19 Mar 2026
Viewed by 296
Abstract
The transitional shale of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Sichuan Basin is characterized by high organic matter abundance, wide distribution, and significant resource potential. This study systematically analyzes the sedimentary environment and geochemical characteristics of the Longtan Formation, clarifying the evolutionary [...] Read more.
The transitional shale of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Sichuan Basin is characterized by high organic matter abundance, wide distribution, and significant resource potential. This study systematically analyzes the sedimentary environment and geochemical characteristics of the Longtan Formation, clarifying the evolutionary patterns of its sedimentary environment, detrital influx, paleoclimate, paleosalinity, and paleoredox conditions. The results indicate that the Longtan Formation can be divided into five Members. The Long 1 to Long 4 Members were predominantly deposited in littoral-marsh facies, whereas the Long 5 Member represents tidal flat–lagoon facies. Geochemical analyses indicate that the Long 4 Member exhibits the highest TOC content (3.37%–11.50%, avg. 6.39%), characterized by black shale interbedded with thin coal seams and pyrite bands. This interval corresponds to relatively low detrital input (Zr: 103–1124 ppm, avg. 697 ppm; Ti: 2589–3909 ppm, avg. 3408 ppm), a warm and humid paleoclimate (CIA: 88.4–96.8, avg. 93.6; Sr/Cu: 1.6–6.8, avg. 3.5), moderately elevated paleosalinity (Sr/Ba: 0.36–2.46, avg. 1.59), and oxic to intermittently reducing water conditions (U/Th: 0.21–0.68, avg. 0.37), making it the main interval for organic matter enrichment. From the Long 1 to Long 5 Members, the depositional environment evolved with progressively shallower water, decreasing terrigenous input, and increasingly oxic conditions. These changes, combined with high productivity and intermittently reducing conditions, collectively governed the accumulation and preservation of organic matter across the formation. Full article
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