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Footprints of Mineral Systems with IOCG, IOA and Affiliated Critical...
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Footprints of Mineral Systems with IOCG, IOA and Affiliated Critical Metal Deposits: From Metasomatism to Metamorphism

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 2766

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Olivier Blein

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
French Geological Survey, BRGM, F-45060 Orléans, France
Interests: IOCG; geochemistry; Pan-African orogeny

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting you to contribute manuscripts to “Footprints of Mineral Systems with IOCG, IOA and Affiliated Critical Metal Deposits: From Metasomatism to Metamorphism”, a special issue of Minerals. This Issue aims to further the ideas presented by the Critical Mineral Geoscience provided in the Special Paper 52 of the Geological Association of Canada (Corriveau et al., in press) and accelerate critical mineral discoveries, including in high-grade metamorphic terranes.

Metasomatic iron (oxide) and alkali calcic systems can lead to iron oxide–apatite (IOA), iron oxide copper–gold (IOCG) and their affiliated critical metal deposits. Metasomatism is regionally extensive and intense, and the diagnostic metasomatic mineral assemblages are defined as series of alterating facies, each with distinct metal associations and deposit types. New alteration mapping protocols, mineralogical, geochemical, geophysical framework tools, ore genesis and rock physical property models can help solve the exploration and geosciences challenges posed by IOCG, IOA and affiliated critical metal deposits. Known and commonly undeveloped deposits are likely the tip of the iceberg in terms of mineral system prospectivity and call for broadening system-scale geoscience knowledge.

A new wave of discovery of metamorphosed ore deposits at upper amphibolite to granulite facies calls for the re-assessment of historically underexplored mineral occurrences in high-grade metamorphic terranes (Corriveau and Spry, 2014; Vearncombe and Phillips, 2020). In known deposits, the meta-alteration zones have preserved the footprint of the pre-metamorphic metasomatic chemical changes undergone by the protoliths.

This Special Issue will focus on new protocols and/or framework tools to explore IOCG, IOA and related critical metal deposits using:

  1. Field and drill core observation;
  2. Alteration facies approach;
  3. Mineralogy;
  4. Geochemistry;
  5. Geophysics;
  6. Rock physical properties;
  7. Metamorphic phase modeling;
  8. Case studies at system to deposit scales.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Olivier Blein
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • IOCG
  • mineralogy
  • geochemistry
  • geophysics
  • metamorphism

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 85969 KiB  
Article
Platinum Group Minerals Associated with Nickel-Bearing Sulfides from the Jatobá Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Deposit, Carajás Domain, Brazil
by Yuri Tatiana Campo Rodriguez, Nigel J. Cook, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Maria Emilia Schutesky, Samuel A. King, Sarah Gilbert and Kathy Ehrig
Minerals 2024, 14(8), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080757 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 651
Abstract
An enrichment in nickel (Ni) or platinum group elements (PGE) is seldom observed in ores of the iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) type. This phenomenon is, however, known from a few deposits and prospects in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil. The Ni-PGE enrichment is explained, [...] Read more.
An enrichment in nickel (Ni) or platinum group elements (PGE) is seldom observed in ores of the iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) type. This phenomenon is, however, known from a few deposits and prospects in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil. The Ni-PGE enrichment is explained, in part, by the spatial association of the IOCG-type ores with altered mafic-ultramafic lithologies, as well as by reworking and remobilization of pre-existing Ni and PGE during multiple mineralization and tectonothermal events across the Archean-Proterozoic. One such example of this mineralization is the Jatobá deposit in the southern copper belt of the Carajás Domain. This is the first detailed study of the Ni and PGE mineralization at Jatobá, with implications for understanding ore genesis. Petrographic and compositional study of sulfides shows that pyrite is the main Ni carrier, followed by pyrrhotite and exsolved pentlandite. Measurable concentrations of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt), albeit never more than a few ppm, are noted in pyrite. More importantly, however, the trace mineral signature of the Jatobá deposit features several platinum group minerals (PGM), including merenskyite, naldrettite, sudburyite, kotulskite, sperrylite, and borovskite. These PGM occur as sub-10 µm-sized grains that are largely restricted to fractures and grain boundaries in pyrite. All Pd minerals reported contain mobile elements such as Te, Bi, and Sb and are associated with rare earth- and U-minerals. This conspicuous mineralogy, differences in sulfide chemistry between the magnetite-hosted ore and stringer mineralization without magnetite, and microstructural control point to a genetic model for the sulfide mineralization at Jatobá and its relative enrichment in Ni and PGE. Observations support two alternative scenarios for ore genesis. In the first, an initial precipitation of disseminated or semi-massive Ni-PGE-bearing sulfides took place within the mafic rock pile, possibly in a VHMS-like setting. Later partial dissolution and remobilization of this pre-existing mineralization by mineralizing fluids of IOCG-type, possibly during the retrograde stage of a syn-deformational metamorphic event, led to their re-concentration within magnetite along structural conduits. The superposition of IOCG-style mineralization onto a pre-existing assemblage resulted in the observed replacement and overprinting in which PGE combined with components of the IOCG fluids like Sb, Bi, and Te. An alternative model involves leaching, by the IOCG-type fluids, of Ni and PGE from komatiites within the sequence or from ultramafic rocks in the basement. The discovery of PGM in Jatobá emphasizes the potential for additional discoveries of Ni-PGE-enriched ores elsewhere in the Carajás Domain and in analogous settings elsewhere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Footprints of Mineral Systems with IOCG, IOA and Affiliated Critical Metal Deposits: From Metasomatism to Metamorphism)
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28 pages, 13508 KiB  
Article
Hydrothermal Mineralization and Mineral Chemistry of Arsenides and Sulfarsenides in the Fe-Co-Ni-As-S System and Introduction of Three Unique Minerals, Port Radium Deposit, Canada
by Alireza K. Somarin, Li Zhou, Guodong Zheng and Xiangxian Ma
Minerals 2024, 14(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14010085 - 11 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1187
Abstract
The Port Radium U-Cu-Ni-Co-Ag deposit in northwestern Canada is hosted within a mineral system that has generated a variety of mineralization styles from iron oxide-copper-gold to iron oxide-apatite, porphyry, skarn, and epithermal. Their genesis is linked to an extensive subduction-related magmatism that formed [...] Read more.
The Port Radium U-Cu-Ni-Co-Ag deposit in northwestern Canada is hosted within a mineral system that has generated a variety of mineralization styles from iron oxide-copper-gold to iron oxide-apatite, porphyry, skarn, and epithermal. Their genesis is linked to an extensive subduction-related magmatism that formed widespread dacite-rhyodacite-andesite volcanic and volcanoclastic sequences (~1.87 Ga), which have been intruded by their equivalent intrusive plutons. Pervasive and intensive hydrothermal alterations, including albitic, magnetite-actinolite-apatite, potassic ± albitic, phyllic, and propylitic occurred before the main sulfide, sulfarsenide, and uraninite vein-type mineralization. Although scarce sulfide minerals formed at the beginning of the hydrothermal activity, the main polymetallic arsenide-sulfarsenide-sulfide ± uraninite vein-type mineralization occurred during the epithermal stage. In addition to the common arsenides and sulfarsenides including nickeline, cobaltite, rammelsbergite, safflorite, skutterudite, gersdorffite, and arsenopyrite, three unique sulfarsenides were also found: Co0.67Ni0.32Fe0.02S0.19As2.80, which could be a sulfur-rich skutterudite, Ni0.85Co0.15S0.39As1.60, and Ni0.69Co0.31S0.47As1.52, which are chemically comparable to the Port Radium rammelsbergite with substantial addition of S and Co; they could be the solid solution product of gersdorffite-cobaltite or safflorite-rammelsbergite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Footprints of Mineral Systems with IOCG, IOA and Affiliated Critical Metal Deposits: From Metasomatism to Metamorphism)
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