Minerals

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yuliya V. Bataleva

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Guest Editor

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: decarbonation; diamond formation; mantle metasomatism; CO2 fluid; fluid generation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Studies on the stability of natural carbonates and the features of CO₂ fluid generation during mantle-crust interaction are critical for the reconstruction of the processes of the global carbon cycle, including mantle metasomatism, natural diamond formation, as well as formation evolution of carbonated eclogites and peridotites. The key factors that determine the stability of carbonates in the mantle are pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and environmental composition. Their variations can lead to phase transitions and changes in the structure of carbonates, initiate processes of partial melting, decomposition or various reactions involving carbonates. The latter include diamond-forming redox reactions between carbonates and reduced phases (metallic iron, carbides, sulfides, reduced fluids and melts) and decarbonation reactions that occur when carbonates interact with silicates and/or oxides and lead to the formation of CO₂ fluid and the crystallization of newly formed silicates. Decarbonation is one of the most common fluid-generating processes occurring during the interaction of the subducting slab with mantle rocks. Numerous occurrences of carbonates and CO₂-fluid as inclusions in diamonds, and existing ideas of genetic relations of natural diamond with carbonates and carbon dioxide, makes very relevant to study the decarbonation reactions and related diamond formation.

Dr. Yuliya V. Bataleva
Guest Editor

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Keywords

decarbonation
natural diamond formation
CO2 fluid
fluid generation
mantle metasomatism

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 11291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Modeling of Decarbonation Reactions, Resulting in the Formation of CO₂ Fluid and Garnets of Model Carbonated Eclogites under Lithospheric Mantle P,T-Parameters

by Yuliya V. Bataleva, Ivan D. Novoselov, Aleksei N. Kruk, Olga V. Furman and Yuri N. Palyanov

Minerals 2023, 13(7), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070859 - 25 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1417

Abstract

First experimental modeling of decarbonation reactions resulting in the formation of CO₂-fluid and Mg, Fe, Ca, and Mn garnets, with composition corresponding to the garnets of carbonated eclogites of types I and II (ECI and ECII), was carried out at a wide range of lithospheric mantle pressures and temperatures. Experimental studies were performed on a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split sphere” type (BARS), in (Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn)CO₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ systems (with compositional variations according to those in ECI and ECII), in the pressure interval of 3.0–7.5 GPa and temperatures of 1050–1450 °C (t = 10–60 h). A specially designed high-pressure cell with a hematite buffering container—preventing the diffusion of hydrogen into the platinum capsule—was used, in order to control the fluid composition. Using the mass spectrometry method, it was proven that in all experiments, the fluid composition was pure CO₂. The resulting ECI garnet compositions were Prp₄₈Alm₃₅Grs₁₅Sps₀₂–Prp₄₄Alm₄₀Grs₁₄Sps₀₂, and compositions of the ECII garnet were Prp₅₇Alm₃₄Grs₀₈Sps₀₁–Prp₆₈Alm₂₃Grs₀₈Sps₀₁. We established that the composition of the synthesized garnets corresponds strongly to natural garnets of carbonated eclogites of types I and II, as well as to garnets from xenoliths of diamondiferous eclogites from the Robert Victor kimberlite pipe; according to the Raman characteristics, the best match was found with garnets from inclusions in diamonds of eclogitic paragenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that the lower temperature boundary of the stability of natural garnets from carbonated eclogites in the presence of a CO₂ fluid is 1000 (±20) °C at depths of ~90 km, 1150–1250 (±20) °C at 190 km, and 1400 (±20) °C at depths of about 225 km. The results make a significant contribution to the reconstruction of the fluid regime and processes of CO₂/carbonate-related mantle metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diamond Formation and Decarbonation under Lithospheric Mantle Pressures and Temperatures)

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Review

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25 pages, 1106 KiB

Open AccessReview

Diamond Formation via Carbonate or CO₂ Reduction under Pressures and Temperatures of the Lithospheric Mantle: Review of Experimental Data

by Yuliya V. Bataleva and Yuri N. Palyanov

Minerals 2023, 13(7), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070940 - 13 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1503

Abstract

Existing ideas about the polygenic origin of diamonds in nature involve various processes, mechanisms, and driving forces for diamond crystallization, including redox reactions, changes in P-T conditions, evolution of melt or fluid composition, and others. According to classical models, in the lithospheric mantle, diamond formation occurs at depths of 120–210 km and temperatures of 900–1500 °C as a result of metasomatic processes. The driving forces in these models are considered to be redox reactions leading to the reduction of carbonates, carbonate melts, or CO₂ to elemental carbon. In this study, we provide a review and systematization, as well as experimental issues and possible future directions of experimental studies, on diamond crystallization from carbonate carbon through redox reactions at P,T (pressure, temperature) conditions relevant to the lithospheric mantle. These studies have demonstrated that silicon, metals (FeSi, Fe, Fe-Ni_alloys), carbides (SiC, Fe₃C, Fe₇C₃), reduced components of C-O-H fluid, sulfides/sulfide melts, Fe-S-C melts, and the application of an electric field (potential difference) can act as reducing agents for carbonate/carbonate-bearing melts or CO₂ fluid, leading to the formation of diamond and graphite. The experimental data reviewed in this paper not only indicate the fundamental possibility of diamond formation from carbonate carbon through the reduction of carbonate, carbonate-bearing phases, or CO₂ in the mantle, but also reveal the characteristic features of the resulting diamonds. Furthermore, the significance of potential reducing agents (fluid, sulfide, silicon, metal, and carbide) in various geodynamic settings, including the lithospheric mantle at depths insufficient for stabilizing iron or carbides, has been identified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diamond Formation and Decarbonation under Lithospheric Mantle Pressures and Temperatures)

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