Research of Soil Microbial Communities

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 1713

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
Interests: soil microbes; soil microbial communities; plant growth; crop protection; agriculture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soil microbial communities are the framework upon which entire biomes are built. These microscopic organisms drive and regulate critical ecological functions, forming the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to playing a role in every biogeochemical process, they are solely responsible for some processes, such as biological nitrogen fixation, methane oxidation, and the decomposition of complex organic matter. Their influence extends across multiple scales, from local nutrient cycling in a single field to global carbon and nitrogen fluxes that shape the Earth's climate.

Harnessing the potential of these microbial communities has led to advances in sustainable agriculture, including improved crop production, enhanced soil fertility, and increased soil carbon sequestration. Beneficial microbes play key roles in plant growth promotion by facilitating nutrient uptake, producing phytohormones, and protecting against pathogens. Furthermore, microbial-driven processes can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by regulating nitrogen transformations and carbon storage, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts.

Soil microbial communities respond to environmental factors and anthropogenic disturbances, including climate variability, pollution, land use changes, and agricultural management practices. These influences can shift microbial composition and function, sometimes leading to detrimental effects such as soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, or increased greenhouse gas emissions. However, with deeper insights into microbial ecology, it is possible to design strategies that harness beneficial microbial functions to restore degraded soils, enhance ecosystem resilience, and promote long-term sustainability.

Understanding soil microbial community composition, function, and behavior is essential for developing innovative soil management approaches that optimize ecosystem services. Advances in high-throughput sequencing, metabolomics, and stable isotope probing now allow for unprecedented insights into microbial interactions, resource allocation, and metabolic potential. Integrating these technologies with agricultural and conservation practices can pave the way for precision microbiome management—tailoring microbial interventions to specific soil conditions and crop needs. By leveraging the power of soil microbial communities, we can work towards more sustainable and resilient food production systems while mitigating environmental challenges.

Dr. Rodrigo Gouveia Taketani
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • soil microbial community
  • biogeochemical cycle
  • carbon sequestration
  • sustainable agriculture
  • microbial ecology
  • soil fertility
  • metagenome
  • nutrient cycling

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

31 pages, 17998 KB  
Article
Bacterial and Fungal Community Responses to Long-Term Salinity Gradients in Natural Soils of Kazakhstan
by Ainash Nauanova, Aisulu Onggarbay, Anel Ordabayeva, Bolat Abdigulov, Akgul Kassipkhan, Gulzhanat Maxutbekova, Aiman Nazarova and Alexandr Shevtsov
Microorganisms 2026, 14(6), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14061337 (registering DOI) - 14 Jun 2026
Abstract
Natural saline–alkaline soils are widespread in Central Asia, yet microbial responses to salinity gradients and ionic composition remain poorly resolved. We profiled bacterial communities (16S rRNA V3–V4, Illumina MiSeq) in 20 topsoil (0–20 cm) samples from four regions of Kazakhstan spanning non-saline to [...] Read more.
Natural saline–alkaline soils are widespread in Central Asia, yet microbial responses to salinity gradients and ionic composition remain poorly resolved. We profiled bacterial communities (16S rRNA V3–V4, Illumina MiSeq) in 20 topsoil (0–20 cm) samples from four regions of Kazakhstan spanning non-saline to highly saline conditions. Soil chemistry included pH, total mineralization (dry residue), and major ions (Na+, Cl, SO42−, HCO3, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+). Alpha (Chao1, Shannon, observed ASVs) and beta diversity (Bray–Curtis; ANOSIM; PCoA) were evaluated across salinity classes. Soils were alkaline (pH 7.91–10.47) and covered a broad salinity range (256–26,312 mg/L), driven mainly by Na+ with chloride and/or sulfate. Alpha diversity remained stable across salinity classes, though dispersion increased under high salinity. Community composition differed significantly among classes (ANOSIM R = 0.428, p = 0.005), with partial PCoA separation and overlap, indicating gradual turnover along the salinity gradient. In contrast, fungal communities showed no significant response to salinity, with stable alpha and beta diversity across all samples and consistent dominance of Ascomycota. Communities were dominated by Actinomycetota (formerly Actinobacteriota), Bacteroidota, and Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria). Bacteroidota increased in highly saline soils (FDR q = 0.036), whereas Acidobacteriota decreased (FDR q = 0.052). Thermodesulfobacteriota (formerly Desulfobacterota) correlated positively with sulfate, and Cyanobacteriota negatively with chloride. Overall, Kazakhstan’s saline–alkaline soils show stable bacterial alpha diversity but moderate, ion-linked compositional shifts with enrichment of halotolerant taxa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research of Soil Microbial Communities)
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23 pages, 11448 KB  
Article
Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Structure and Its Driving Factors Under Small-Scale Altitude Gradient on the Southern Slope of the Qilian Mountains
by Yue Zhang, Huichun Xie, Shuang Ji, Wenfang Chen, Xunxun Qiu, Zhiqiang Dong and Xukai Yang
Microorganisms 2026, 14(4), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14040928 - 20 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Aiming to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of soil microbial assemblages and the environmental factors shaping them across a narrow altitudinal transect, this investigation concentrated on the surface soil layer within naturally occurring mixed forests of Picea crassifolia and Betula platyphylla, situated [...] Read more.
Aiming to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of soil microbial assemblages and the environmental factors shaping them across a narrow altitudinal transect, this investigation concentrated on the surface soil layer within naturally occurring mixed forests of Picea crassifolia and Betula platyphylla, situated in the elevation band from 2400 to 2800 m along the southern flank of the Qilian Mountains. Leveraging the Illumina NextSeq 2000 high-throughput sequencing platform, integrated with α- and β-diversity analyses and redundancy analysis (RDA), we systematically characterized the composition and diversity traits of soil bacterial and fungal communities, as well as their associations with environmental factors. Notably, the bacterial communities were dominated by Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Acidobacteria with the abundance of Pseudomonadota decreasing with increasing altitude and that of Acidobacteria increasing with increasing altitude. Furthermore, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla in the fungal community. In contrast, bacterial α-diversity—as estimated by the Ace index—showed no significant variation across altitudes. Yet, the fungal alpha diversity metrics—namely Ace and Chao1—were markedly elevated at the 2800 m elevation relative to those observed at both intermediate and lower-altitude locations. Importantly, fungal diversity and community composition showed stronger altitudinal differentiation than bacterial communities in this dataset. Moreover, soil pH, total phosphorus, organic carbon, litter C:N:P stoichiometric ratios, and microbial biomass C:N:P stoichiometric ratios were strongly associated with soil microbial community variation along the altitude gradient, suggesting that they may act as important environmental filters. In conclusion, altitude-driven variations in litter characteristics and soil physicochemical properties jointly shape the assembly processes and spatial distribution patterns of soil microbial communities in this region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research of Soil Microbial Communities)
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13 pages, 1159 KB  
Article
Microbial Diversity Analysis of Soil in the Rhizosphere of Securidaca longipedunculata (African Violet Tree)
by Sphelele Zondi, Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini and Pfariso Maumela
Microorganisms 2025, 13(11), 2636; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112636 - 20 Nov 2025
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Abstract
This study explored the microbial diversity within the rhizosphere of Securidaca longipedunculata (African violet tree), a medicinal plant recognized for its ethnobotanical importance. Six rhizospheric bacterial isolates were identified and characterized for their plant growth-promoting abilities and environmental resilience. Growth-promoting assays demonstrated that [...] Read more.
This study explored the microbial diversity within the rhizosphere of Securidaca longipedunculata (African violet tree), a medicinal plant recognized for its ethnobotanical importance. Six rhizospheric bacterial isolates were identified and characterized for their plant growth-promoting abilities and environmental resilience. Growth-promoting assays demonstrated that the isolates could grow in a nitrogen free environment, solubilize phosphate, produce ammonia, and synthesize indole acetic acid (IAA). Morphological and biochemical characterizations differentiated four Gram-positive from two Gram-negative strains. The bacterial isolates demonstrated plant-growth promoting potential, showing an enhanced ability (p-value < 0.05) to promote root elongation and biomass accumulation compared to the control treatments. The strains showed antifungal properties with some isolates recording 100% fungal mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition. Phylogenetic studies linked these isolates to the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus. These findings highlight the diversity of rhizospheric bacteria associated with S. longipedunculata and emphasize their role in enhancing soil fertility and plant resilience to pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research of Soil Microbial Communities)
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