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Metabolites
Special Issues
Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Metabolic Health
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Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Metabolic Health

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2025) | Viewed by 3969

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marta P. Silvestre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: glycaemia; human nutrition; metabolic disease; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet and nutrition are among the main drivers of human health. Evidence has shown that persistent disturbance of nutrient-related metabolism and/or energy balance induces cellular and molecular stress leading to metabolic dysregulation and, eventually, disease. Understanding the metabolic consequences of diet, particularly the mechanisms by which specific nutrients and non-nutrient food components interact with metabolic pathways, is of utmost importance in the context of a globally rising incidence of diet-related metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

To emphasize the research efforts that address the tight interaction between diet, nutrition, and metabolic health, the editors of Metabolites (MDPI group) are launching a Special Issue on ‘Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Metabolic Health’.

We welcome submissions of original primary research articles on studies investigating the role of diet, nutrients, and non-nutrient food compounds on human health, including preclinical work carried out in animal models as well as clinical studies, in both interventional and observational settings.

This collection of articles will feature topics such as mechanisms by which food molecules affect metabolic pathways, caloric restriction, macronutrient modulation (e.g., low carbohydrate, high protein, and high fat), and other diet-related interventions/observations aimed at characterizing or improving metabolic health. Additional topics of interest include diet–microbiome and diet–gene interactions as well as nutrition-related epigenetic modulation. Finally, we highly encourage authors to publish systematic reviews and meta-analysis of previously published studies describing the above-mentioned interactions between foods, nutrients, and metabolic health.

If you are interested in submitting a manuscript for consideration in this Special Issue, please see the journal website for the guidelines and requirements for submitting your work. You are welcome to reach out to the editors for further information.

With this Special Issue, we hope to strengthen the existing science on the relationship between diet and metabolic health, hopefully underpinning new avenues for metabolic health promotion and prevention of metabolic disease. 

Dr. Marta P. Silvestre
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • dietary interventions
  • foods
  • metabolism
  • nutrients
  • polyphenols

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 665 KiB  
Article
Probiotic Supplementation Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Modulates Interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-22 Levels in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Amira Abdel Moneam Adly, Eman Abdel Rahman Ismail, Mahasen Mohamed Abd-Elgawad and Nouran Yousef Salah
Metabolites 2025, 15(5), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15050288 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 244
Abstract
Background: Probiotics alter gut microbiota and have beneficial effects on immune homeostasis. The role of probiotics in diabetes has been shown in some studies. Interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-22 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Objectives: This study [...] Read more.
Background: Probiotics alter gut microbiota and have beneficial effects on immune homeostasis. The role of probiotics in diabetes has been shown in some studies. Interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-22 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of oral supplementation with probiotics on glycemic control and IL-21 and IL-22 levels in pediatric patients with T1DM. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was registered in ClinicalTrials (NCT04579341) and included 70 children and adolescents with T1DM. They were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either an oral probiotic tablet containing 0.5 mg Lactobacillus acidophilus once daily or a matching placebo. Both groups were followed up for 6 months with assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and IL-21 and IL-22 levels. Results: Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were similar between both groups (p > 0.05). After six months, probiotic supplementation for the intervention group resulted in significant decreases in FBG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and IL-21 levels, while IL-22 was increased compared with baseline levels (p < 0.001) and compared with the placebo group (p < 0.001). No adverse reactions were reported. Baseline IL-21 was positively correlated to FBG, HbA1c, and total cholesterol while there were negative correlations between these variables and IL-22 levels. Conclusions: Probiotic supplementation improved glucose homeostasis and glycemic control, possibly through their immunomodulatory effects on cytokines IL-21 and IL-22. Thus, probiotics could be a safe adjuvant therapy to intensive insulin in pediatric patients with T1DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Metabolic Health)
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23 pages, 3870 KiB  
Article
Separate and Combined Effects of Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training and Detraining with Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) on Myokines and Insulin-Signaling Pathways in Male Wistar Rats: A Preclinical Randomized Study
by Hira Shakoor, Jaleel Kizhakkayil, Yauhen Statsenko and Carine Platat
Metabolites 2025, 15(2), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020087 - 1 Feb 2025
Viewed by 983
Abstract
Background: Exercise training positively modulates myokine secretion and improves glucose metabolism. Herein, we analyzed the effect of moderate-intensity training, detraining, and Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) supplementation on myokine secretions and regulation of insulin-signaling pathways. Methods: A five-arm study was conducted on 47 healthy [...] Read more.
Background: Exercise training positively modulates myokine secretion and improves glucose metabolism. Herein, we analyzed the effect of moderate-intensity training, detraining, and Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) supplementation on myokine secretions and regulation of insulin-signaling pathways. Methods: A five-arm study was conducted on 47 healthy male Wistar rats, trained at a moderate intensity level for four weeks (T0-T4). Animals were randomly classified into groups according to PCA supplementation and exercise durations: four weeks of Aerobic Training with or without PCA (AT4, AT4-PCA), eight weeks of Aerobic Training with or without PCA (AT8, AT8-PCA), and PCA Vehicle Control (VC). The animals were followed up until week 12 (T12). We decapitated six rats at T0 and T4, four rats per group at T8, and three rats per group at T12. Myokines (IGF-1, IL-6, FGF-21, myostatin, and irisin) were analyzed with ELISA. Western blot analysis measured protein expression of insulin-signaling pathways and GLUT-4 in the gastrocnemius muscle. Results: The IL-6 levels increased significantly (p < 0.01) with 8-week training in AT8 by 34% and AT8-PCA by 32%, compared to groups trained for only 4 weeks (AT4 and AT4-PCA). Similarly, the PI3K, and GLUT-4 expression improved in AT8 and AT8-PCA at T8. Training for 4 weeks improved IGF-1 levels, but a further 14% improvement was observed with 8-week training in AT8 at T8. Myostatin level significantly dropped by 27% even with 4-week training (p < 0.001). However, detraining increased the myostatin levels in all groups, but in AT8-PCA with PCA dose, myostatin reduced by 11% compared to AT8 at T12. PCA supplementation reduced the FGF-21 levels by 54% during detraining at T12 in AT8-PCA compared to AT8. However, the irisin level did not change markedly in any group. Conclusions: Physical training (with and without PCA) modulates myokine production and improves glucose metabolism, but the benefits are lost after detraining. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Metabolic Health)
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18 pages, 558 KiB  
Article
Changes in Serum Metabolome Following Low-Energy Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Women with Overweight and Prediabetes: A PREVIEW-New Zealand Sub-Study
by Bárbara Relva, Linda M. Samuelsson, Iola F. Duarte, Ulrike Fasol, Patrick J. B. Edwards, Mikael Fogelholm, Anne Raben, Sally D. Poppitt and Marta P. Silvestre
Metabolites 2024, 14(8), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14080401 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1290
Abstract
As obesity develops, metabolic changes increase the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight loss is crucial for improving health in T2D and cardiometabolic conditions. However, weight loss rates vary between individuals, even with identical diets or energy restrictions, [...] Read more.
As obesity develops, metabolic changes increase the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight loss is crucial for improving health in T2D and cardiometabolic conditions. However, weight loss rates vary between individuals, even with identical diets or energy restrictions, highlighting the need to identify markers or predictors of weight loss success to enhance intervention outcomes. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics, we investigated the change in serum polar metabolites in 28 women with overweight or obesity and prediabetes who completed an 8-week low-energy diet (LED) as part of the PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) clinical trial. We aimed to characterize the metabolic shift in substrate oxidation under fixed energy intake (~4 MJ/day) and its relation to weight loss success. Nine of the thirty-four serum metabolites identified significantly changed during the LED phase: 3-hydroxybutyrate, O-acetylcarnitine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, mannose, dimethyl sulfone and isobutyrate increased, whilst choline, creatine and tyrosine decreased. These results confirmed a shift towards lipid oxidation, but no metabolites predicted the response to the LED-induced weight loss. Further studies in larger populations are required to validate these metabolites as biomarkers of diet exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Metabolic Health)
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24 pages, 1603 KiB  
Review
Vitamins and Celiac Disease: Beyond Vitamin D
by Matteo Scarampi, Caterina Mengoli, Emanuela Miceli and Michele Di Stefano
Metabolites 2025, 15(2), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020078 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 996
Abstract
Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the small bowel caused, in genetically predisposed subjects, by the ingestion of gluten and characterised by a broad clinical polymorphism, ranging from patients with an asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic disease. The clinical presentation ranges from the [...] Read more.
Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the small bowel caused, in genetically predisposed subjects, by the ingestion of gluten and characterised by a broad clinical polymorphism, ranging from patients with an asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic disease. The clinical presentation ranges from the presence of minor, apparently unrelated symptoms or first-degree kinship with known patients to severe intestinal malabsorption and all its clinical consequences and complications. Even if a large body of research improved our understanding of the molecular basis of celiac disease pathophysiology, enhancing the identification of new targets for future new treatments, an accurate gluten-free diet remains the mainstay of the therapy for this condition, restoring a normal absorptive mucosa. It is very rare, nowadays, to deal with patients with severe malabsorption syndrome secondary to celiac disease. Consequently, physicians are currently less prone to search for nutritional deficiencies in celiac disease. To pinpoint the possibility of both a disease-related and a diet-induced vitamin deficiency, we reviewed the literature on vitamin deficiency in this condition and reported the impact both in untreated and treated patients with celiac disease. A gluten-free diet must be tailored for each patient to meet nutritional targets: the pre-existence or diet-induced intake inadequacies should be carefully considered for an effective management of celiac disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Metabolic Health)
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