Plant-Derived Molecules in Prevention of Metabolic and Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic and oxidative stress-related diseases, including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions, are major public health challenges worldwide. Plant-derived molecules, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, have garnered significant attention due to their potential therapeutic effects and safety profiles. These bioactive compounds exhibit diverse mechanisms that target key pathways associated with metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress.

Polyphenols, abundant in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, are known to modulate lipid metabolism by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, promoting bile acid synthesis through CYP7A1, and enhancing cholesterol efflux via ApoA1 activation. Flavonoids exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating NF-κB and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, plant alkaloids could improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control by activating AMPK pathways.

In the context of oxidative stress, plant-derived antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and upregulate endogenous defense systems. Compound polyphenols can activate key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, protecting cells from oxidative damage. These molecules also mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, a major contributor to oxidative stress in metabolic diseases.

Emerging research highlights the role of these compounds in modulating gut microbiota, contributing to improved metabolic outcomes. In silico and molecular docking studies have further elucidated their interactions with specific proteins, offering insights into their mechanisms of action.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements in plant-derived molecules and their role in preventing and managing metabolic and oxidative stress-related diseases. Contributions covering experimental studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic insights are particularly welcomed to provide a comprehensive understanding of their therapeutic potential.

Prof. Dr. Hicham Harnafi
Guest Editor

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