Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glomerulonephritis

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Urology & Nephrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2023) | Viewed by 14564

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Pediatric Nephrology Unit, AOU Policlinic “G Martino”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: pediatric nephrology; pediatric rheumatology; clinical nephrology; glomerulonephritis; nephrotic syndrome; rare diseases; autoimmune diseases; autoinflammatory diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glomerulonephritis is the main cause of rapid evolution towards chronic renal failure, in case of non-diagnosis and treatment. Glomerulonephritis can be primary or secondary to various systemic diseases, in particular vasculitis and connective tissue diseases. Its pathogenesis is therefore, in the majority of cases, immunological. In recent years, there has been progress on the pathogenetic knowledge of various glomerulonephritis: membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, C3 glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Further discoveries have occurred in the genetics of hereditary nephritis. This recent pathogenetic knowledge has led to the use of new therapeutic protocols, also making use of biological drugs, with excellent efficacy and few side effects.

This Special Issue will deal with several aspects of prognostic risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis.

Dr. Giovanni Conti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • glomerulonephritis
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • membranous nephropathy
  • IgA nephropathy
  • hereditary nephritis
  • vasculitis
  • systemic lupus erythematosus
  • pathogenesis
  • therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

26 pages, 1662 KiB  
Review
How to Choose the Right Treatment for Membranous Nephropathy
by Luigi Peritore, Vincenzo Labbozzetta, Veronica Maressa, Chiara Casuscelli, Giovanni Conti, Guido Gembillo and Domenico Santoro
Medicina 2023, 59(11), 1997; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111997 - 14 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4498
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune disease affecting the glomeruli and is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome. In the absence of any therapy, 35% of patients develop end-stage renal disease. The discovery of autoantibodies such as phospholipase A2 receptor 1, [...] Read more.
Membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune disease affecting the glomeruli and is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome. In the absence of any therapy, 35% of patients develop end-stage renal disease. The discovery of autoantibodies such as phospholipase A2 receptor 1, antithrombospondin and neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein has greatly helped us to understand the pathogenesis and enable the diagnosis of this disease and to guide its treatment. Depending on the complications of nephrotic syndrome, patients with this disease receive supportive treatment with diuretics, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers, lipid-lowering agents and anticoagulants. After assessing the risk of progression of end-stage renal disease, patients receive immunosuppressive therapy with various drugs such as cyclophosphamide, steroids, calcineurin inhibitors or rituximab. Since immunosuppressive drugs can cause life-threatening side effects and up to 30% of patients do not respond to therapy, new therapeutic approaches with drugs such as adrenocorticotropic hormone, belimumab, anti-plasma cell antibodies or complement-guided drugs are currently being tested. However, special attention needs to be paid to the choice of therapy in secondary forms or in specific clinical contexts such as membranous disease in children, pregnant women and patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glomerulonephritis)
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24 pages, 1245 KiB  
Review
Lupus Nephritis in Children: Novel Perspectives
by Marco Pennesi and Simone Benvenuto
Medicina 2023, 59(10), 1841; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101841 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6659
Abstract
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory and autoimmune condition characterized by heterogeneous multisystem involvement and a chronic course with unpredictable flares. Kidney involvement, commonly called lupus nephritis, mainly presents with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and is more frequent and severe in adults. Despite [...] Read more.
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory and autoimmune condition characterized by heterogeneous multisystem involvement and a chronic course with unpredictable flares. Kidney involvement, commonly called lupus nephritis, mainly presents with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and is more frequent and severe in adults. Despite a considerable improvement in long-term renal prognosis, children and adolescents with lupus nephritis still experience significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, current literature often lacks pediatric-specific data, leading clinicians to rely exclusively on adult therapeutic approaches. This review aims to describe pediatric lupus nephritis and provide an overview of the novel perspectives on the pathogenetic mechanisms, histopathological classification, therapeutic approach, novel biomarkers, and follow-up targets in children and adolescents with lupus nephritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glomerulonephritis)
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8 pages, 441 KiB  
Review
The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in IgA Nephropathy
by Xiaofang Wu, Lei Zhao, Kailong Li and Jurong Yang
Medicina 2023, 59(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010082 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2677
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide today. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a polyprotein complex and an important participant in inflammation. Accumulating studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in a variety of kidney diseases, including IgAN. [...] Read more.
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide today. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a polyprotein complex and an important participant in inflammation. Accumulating studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in a variety of kidney diseases, including IgAN. This review focuses on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IgAN and summarizes multiple involved pathways, which may provide novel treatments for IgAN treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glomerulonephritis)
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