Diabetic Retinopathy: Current Understanding, Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 2485

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele University Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
Interests: retinal imaging; medical retina; maculopathy; retinopathy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As we are observing a dramatic increase in the number of persons affected by diabetes worldwide, diabetes-associated eye complications are rapidly emerging as a global health issue that may threaten patients’ visual acuity and visual function. Even though the treatment of diabetic retinopathy can reduce the risk of visual loss by 60%, diabetic retinopathy still remains the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults.

Therefore, the identification of mechanisms behind the pathophysiology and therapies of diabetic retinopathy is an area of significant research efforts, attracting scientists from a diverse range of fields, including neuroscience, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry, among several others. This Special Collection is aimed at highlighting the importance of the discovery and mechanistic characterization of novel drug targets, signaling pathways, and mechanisms of action.

Potential papers to submit include, but are not limited to, laboratory and clinical studies on diabetes-associated ocular complications.

Prof. Giuseppe Querques
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetes
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • pathogenesis
  • therapeutic approaches

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 1799 KiB  
Article
Correlations between Retinal Arterial Morphometric Parameters and Neurodegeneration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with No or Mild Diabetic Retinopathy
by Ioana Damian and Simona Delia Nicoară
Medicina 2021, 57(3), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030244 - 5 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2036
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the neural retina is starting to degenerate before the development of vascular lesions. Our purpose was to investigate the correlation between the retinal arterial morphometric parameters and structural neurodegeneration in patients with type [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the neural retina is starting to degenerate before the development of vascular lesions. Our purpose was to investigate the correlation between the retinal arterial morphometric parameters and structural neurodegeneration in patients with type 2 DM with no or mild diabetic retinopathy (DR). Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study including 53 eyes of patients with type 2 DM and 32 eyes of healthy controls. Based on SD-OCT (spectral domain—optical coherence tomography) images, using a micro-densitometry method, we measured the outer and luminal diameter of retinal arteries and calculated the AWT (arterial wall thickness), WLR (wall-to-lumen ratio), and WCSA (wall cross-sectional area). GCL (ganglion cell layer) and RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) thickness were analyzed in correlation with the retinal arterial morphometric parameters mentioned above. Results: GCL was thinner in the inner quadrants in the NDR (no DR) group compared to controls (p < 0.05). RAOD (retinal artery outer diameter), RALD (retinal artery lumen diameter), AWT, WLR, and WCSA were similar between groups. A regression model considering age, gender, duration of DM, and HbA1C was carried out. Central GCL thickness was correlated positively with RAOD (coefficient 0.360 per µm, p = 0.011), RALD (coefficient 0.283 per µm, p = 0.050), AWT (coefficient 0.304 per µm, p = 0.029), and WCSA (coefficient 3.90 per µm, p = 0.005). Duration of DM was positively correlated with WCSA (coefficient 0.311 per one year duration of diabetes, p = 0.043). Conclusions: Significant GCL thinning in the inner quadrants preceded the morphological retinal arterial morphometric changes, supporting the neurodegeneration as primary pathogenic mechanism in DR. Full article
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