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Medicina
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Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Immune Diseases
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Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Immune Diseases

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Hematology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 September 2023) | Viewed by 7939

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elaine Yee Lin Chung

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Guest Editor
Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Cellular Therapy, The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
Interests: B and T cell signaling; cytokine regulation; transcription factor regulation; antibody-based therapeutics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory immune diseases in the past decade. This includes a vast array of disorders and conditions that are characterized by inflammation, including but not limited to autoimmunity.

Preclinical investigations using cellular and murine models in conjunction with state-of-the-art technologies have accelerated the movement of treatments into clinical trials. In recent years, treatments such as those based on steroids, small-molecule inhibitors (targeting signal transduction), and antibody-based therapeutics (targeting cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, T-cell activation, and co-stimulation) have been approved for clinical use.

Research in inflammatory diseases is constantly advancing. The identification of new therapeutic targets will facilitate expansion of the clinical benefit to patients in need.

We welcome the submission of research papers related to the following:

  • allergy (including asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, anaphylaxis, urticaria, and atopic dermatitis)
  • asthma
  • autoimmune disease
  • celiac disease
  • endometriosis
  • glomerulonephritis
  • graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)
  • hepatitis
  • inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
  • ischemia/reperfusioninjury
  • transplant rejection
  • type 1 and 2 diabetes

Dr. Elaine Yee Lin Chung
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • PDX models
  • flow cytometry
  • prognostic and or diagnostic biomarkers
  • organoids
  • RNA-seq and ATAC-seq
  • signal transduction
  • cytokine and chemokine regulation
  • immune cells

Published Papers (4 papers)

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11 pages, 3833 KiB  
Article
Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease
by Amer Siddiq, Abdul Khaliq Naveed, Nabila Ghaffar, Muhammad Aamir and Naveed Ahmed
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050853 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
Background and objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Hashimoto’s disease and the key role of vitamin D levels among selected patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 participants including healthy controls and patients were studied in the current study in which 118 were female and 26 were male. The thyroid profile was evaluated in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and healthy controls. Results: The mean ± SD Free T4 in the patients was recorded as 14.0 ± 4.9 pg/mL, and TSH was 7.6 ± 2.5 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 285 ± 142. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were 160 ± 63.5, whereas in the healthy controls, the mean ± SD Free T4 was recorded as 17.2 ± 2.1 pg/mL, and TSH was 2.1 ± 1.4 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR anti-TGs were 56.30 ± 46.06, and anti-TPO was 5.6 ± 5.12. The assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines (pg/mL) and total Vitamin D levels (nmol/L) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was recorded with values IL-1B 6.2 ± 0.8, IL-6 9.4 ± 0.4, IL-8 7.5 ± 0.5, IL-10 4.3 ± 0.1, IL-12 3.8 ± 0.5, TNF-α 7.6 ± 1.1, and total vitamin D 21.89 ± 3.5, whereas in healthy controls the mean ± SD IL-1B was 0.6 ± 0.1, IL-6 2.6 ± 0.5, IL-8 3.0 ± 1.2, IL-10 3.3 ± 1.3, IL-12 3.4 ± 0.4, TNF-α 1.4 ± 0.3 and total vitamin D was 42.26 ± 5.5. Conclusions: It was found that individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had raised serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α as compared to the healthy controls, whereas the total vitamin D levels were remarkably low as compared to health controls. Serum TSH, anti-TG, and anti-TPO levels were typically lower in controls and much higher in individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The current study’s findings might aid in future studies and in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Immune Diseases)
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10 pages, 1503 KiB  
Article
Phenotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Parameters in Elderly Patients
by Grażyna Stryjewska-Makuch, Joanna Glück, Olga Branicka and Grażyna Lisowska
Medicina 2023, 59(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010126 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1543
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease that can be differentiated into two phenotypes, with or without polyps (CRSwNP) or CRSsNP), which may be unilateral (UNIL) or bilateral (BIL). CRS may have an impact on absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease that can be differentiated into two phenotypes, with or without polyps (CRSwNP) or CRSsNP), which may be unilateral (UNIL) or bilateral (BIL). CRS may have an impact on absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes count in peripheral blood. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the incidence of a specific CRS phenotype changes with age and to compare the values of neutrophils, lymphocytes and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the peripheral blood between groups of patients below and above 65 years of age with different CRS phenotypes. Material and Methods: A total of 235 patients aged 65 and over were examined, including 140 (59.6%) males. The group of patients <65 years of age comprised 160 subjects, including 103 (64.4%) males. In both groups, the sequence of frequency of particular phenotypes was similar: the most common phenotype was bilateral CRSwNP followed by CRSsNP BIL, CRSsNP UNIL, and finally, CRSwNP UNIL. Direct comparisons between determined phenotype in both groups of different ages revealed that, in the group ≥65 years, CRSwNP BIL occurred significantly more often than in the group <65 years of age. In fact, in the <65 group, bilateral CRSsNP was more common. The absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes counts were significantly higher in the whole group of patients with CRS ≥65 years of age and absolute number of neutrophils was higher in ≥65 years of age group with bilateral CRSsNP. Conclusions: The higher number of neutrophils in the whole ≥65 years of age group and in older patients with bilateral CRSsNP may indicate that CRS, despite of phenotype, may be an important source of infection that requires surgical treatment in elderly patients as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Immune Diseases)
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11 pages, 1106 KiB  
Case Report
Clinical Care Team’s Guide for Awareness on Risk Assessment of Eltrombopag Complicating Acute Kidney Injury in Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopenic Patients: A Case Report
by Eman Mostafa Hamed, Mohamed Hussein Meabed, Ahmed R. N. Ibrahim, Ahmed M. Khalaf, Doaa Mohamed El Demerdash, Marwa O. Elgendy, Haitham Saeed, Tamer M. Mahmoud, Heba F. Salem and Hoda Rabea
Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091645 - 11 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1341
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder caused by antigen-specific T cells and antiplatelet autoantibodies that inhibit platelet production in the bone marrow or destroy platelets in the spleen. ITP is a form of autoimmunity and is closely associated with inflammation. Corticosteroids [...] Read more.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder caused by antigen-specific T cells and antiplatelet autoantibodies that inhibit platelet production in the bone marrow or destroy platelets in the spleen. ITP is a form of autoimmunity and is closely associated with inflammation. Corticosteroids are the first-line therapy for ITP, with a total response rate of 53–80%. However, corticosteroid therapy is associated with significant side effects and is often ineffective in patients with corticosteroid-resistant or -intolerant disease. Eltrombopag has been validated as a second-line option in ITP therapy. Despite several studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of Eltrombopag in immune thrombocytopenia patients, the prevalence of Eltrombopag-induced acute kidney injury has been observed. This case report describes a patient who experienced acute kidney injury during Eltrombopag therapy. A sudden increase in serum creatinine to 6.7 mg/dL and metabolic acidosis occurred after eight weeks of Eltrombopag. The patient’s renal failure had worsened, proteinuria was detected, and emergency hemodialysis was initiated. With vigilant kidney function screening and prompt treatment, the patient’s renal function improved remarkably following cessation of Eltrombopag and initiation of hemodialysis. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive medication history-taking and vigilant kidney function screening in patients receiving Eltrombopag. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Immune Diseases)
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8 pages, 552 KiB  
Case Report
Addison’s Disease in the Course of Recurrent Microangiopathic Antiphospholipid Syndrome—A Clinical Presentation and Review of the Literature
by Małgorzata Grabarczyk, Marta Gorczyca, Paweł Cieślik, Antoni Hrycek and Michał Holecki
Medicina 2023, 59(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010004 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1946
Abstract
The article presents a male patient with adrenocortical insufficiency in the course of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It also describes recurrent exacerbations of his clinical status, characteristic of microangiopathic antiphospholipid syndrome (MAPS) which had been misdiagnosed as a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) syndrome due [...] Read more.
The article presents a male patient with adrenocortical insufficiency in the course of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It also describes recurrent exacerbations of his clinical status, characteristic of microangiopathic antiphospholipid syndrome (MAPS) which had been misdiagnosed as a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) syndrome due to sepsis with multi-organ failure, including heart, kidneys, and liver. Issues related to pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, and treatment of APS in the context of presently distinguished subtypes of this syndrome have been addressed. The role of vascular endothelial cell activation and the influence of coagulation patterns on the development of APS continuum clinical symptoms have also been mentioned. In addition, this paper highlights that the diagnosis of APS should be considered in patients with adrenal insufficiency and abdominal pain, even without any prior history of thromboembolic diseases, as well as in the course of DIC, especially without predisposing factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Immune Diseases)
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