Endocrine Disruptors: Advances in Assessing Environmental Health Risk and Human Health

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 8398

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Interests: endometriosis; ovarian regulation; infertility; cell culture; reproductive and endocrine toxicology; pharmacology; carcinogenesis

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Guest Editor
Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Interests: developmental and reproductive toxicology; ovary; toxicology; confocal microscopy; autophagy; reproductive health; endocrine disruption; mitochondrial dynamics; ovarian follicle

Special Issue Information

Exogenous chemicals can interact with hormone receptors, disrupt hormone synthesis and metabolism, and dysregulate hormone signalling pathways to induce adverse effects in individuals, their progeny, and populations. While endocrine disruption is generally regarded as an important issue in toxicology, it has been variously defined, and the health effects continue to be hotly debated. Thus, there is need for a re-examination of the endocrine disruption literature with attention to providing direction for the following: the definition of an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC); the interpretation of dose response curves and the relevance of the inverted U-shaped dose response curve, the standardized test methods (e.g., the use of concurrent vs. contemporaneous vs. historical controls; testing for EDCs in animal chow and bedding; the effects of the developmental stage on outcome measures; and the assessment of reproductive/developmental, neurophysiology, behavioural, immunological, adrenal, and thyroid toxicity across the life-span and across generations); the strengths and limitations of screening tests (in vitro and in vivo); the assessment of emerging chemicals for endocrine disruption and impact of alternatives to existing chemicals (e.g. bisphenol-A and phthalate substitutes); lessons learned from biomonitoring studies; the epidemiology of endocrine-disrupting chemical effects in children, men, and women; the role of EDCs in the obesity epidemic and their reproductive/developmental effects; and how EDCs modulate phenomic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic effects; and how these results should be interpreted in a regulatory context. The role of endocrine disruption in hormone-dependent cancers (e.g., breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, testes, and prostate) will also be explored.

Prof. Warren G. Foster
Dr. Anne Marie Gannon
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • endocrine disruptors
  • reproductive and endocrine toxicology
  • thyroid
  • obesity
  • neurobehavior
  • immune dysfunction
  • hormone-dependent cancer

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 2634 KiB  
Article
Lipid Profile Changes Induced by Chronic Administration of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Taurine in Rats
by A.E. Rosca, Camelia Sorina Stancu, Corin Badiu, Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu, Radu Mirica, Constantin Căruntu, Serban Gologan, Suzana Elena Voiculescu and Ana-Maria Zagrean
Medicina 2019, 55(9), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090540 - 27 Aug 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3801
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), used as a therapy in various diseases and abused in sports, are atherogenic in supraphysiological administration, altering the plasma lipid profile. Taurine, a conditionally-essential amino acid often used in dietary supplements, was acknowledged to delay [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), used as a therapy in various diseases and abused in sports, are atherogenic in supraphysiological administration, altering the plasma lipid profile. Taurine, a conditionally-essential amino acid often used in dietary supplements, was acknowledged to delay the onset and progression of atherogenesis, and to mitigate hyperlipidemia. The aim of the present study was to verify if taurine could prevent the alterations induced by concomitant chronic administration of high doses of AAS nandrolone decanoate (DECA) in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats, assigned to 4 equal groups, were treated for 12 weeks either with DECA (A group), taurine (T group), both DECA and taurine (AT group) or vehicle (C group). Plasma triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic triglycerides (TGh) and liver non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were then determined. Results: DECA elevated TG level in A group vs. control (p = 0.01), an increase prevented by taurine association in AT group (p = 0.04). DECA decreased HDL-C in A group vs. control (p = 0.02), while taurine tended to increase it in AT group. DECA decreased TGh (p = 0.02) in A group vs. control. Taurine decreased TGh in T (p = 0.004) and AT (p < 0.001) groups vs. control and tended to lower NEFA (p = 0.08) in AT group vs. A group. Neither DECA, nor taurine influenced TC and LDL-C levels. Conclusions: Taurine partially prevented the occurrence of DECA negative effects on lipid profile, suggesting a therapeutic potential in several conditions associated with chronic high levels of plasma androgens, such as endocrine disorders or AAS-abuse. Full article
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Review

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11 pages, 336 KiB  
Review
Role of Obesogens in the Pathogenesis of Obesity
by Urszula Shahnazaryan, Marta Wójcik, Tomasz Bednarczuk and Alina Kuryłowicz
Medicina 2019, 55(9), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090515 - 21 Aug 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4235
Abstract
Obesity is considered to be a 20th century pandemic, and its prevalence correlates with the increasing global pollution and the presence of chemical compounds in the environment. Excessive adiposity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but it is not merely [...] Read more.
Obesity is considered to be a 20th century pandemic, and its prevalence correlates with the increasing global pollution and the presence of chemical compounds in the environment. Excessive adiposity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but it is not merely an effect of overeating and lack of physical activity. Recently, several compounds that alter the mechanisms responsible for energy homeostasis have been identified and called “obesogens”. This work presents the role of obesogens in the pathogenesis of obesity. We reviewed data from in vitro animal and human studies concerning the role of obesogens in the disturbance of energy homeostasis. We identified (i) the main groups and classes of obesogens, (ii) the molecular mechanisms of their action, (iii) their deleterious effect on adipose tissue function and control of appetite, and (iv) possible directions in limiting their influence on human metabolism. Obesogens have a multifactorial detrimental influence on energy homeostasis. Focusing on limiting exposure to obesogens and improving early life nutrition seems to be the most reasonable direction of action to prevent obesity in future generations. Full article
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