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Medicina
Special Issues
Diagnosis and Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Orthopedics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1119

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Laura Scaramuzzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aging, Orthopaedic and Rheumatological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: adolescent and adult spinal deformity; spondylolisthesis; degenerative spine diseases; cervical spine; artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches to spine diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Calogero Velluto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Aging, Orthopaedic and Rheumatological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: spine; spine surgery; spinal surgery; spinal cord injury; fracture; lumbar spine; intervertebral disk degeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains one of the most prevalent spinal deformities during adolescence, with significant implications for physical and psychological health. Advances in imaging, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities have continuously evolved to address the complex challenges posed by this condition. Understanding the etiology, progression patterns, and effective interventions for AIS is crucial for clinicians, surgeons, and researchers striving to improve patient outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive platform for exploring novel diagnostic tools, cutting-edge surgical techniques, and interdisciplinary treatment approaches for AIS. By highlighting recent advances and identifying future directions, this collection will contribute to bridging the gap between research and clinical practice. We welcome original research articles, systematic reviews, and innovative case studies that address various aspects of AIS, including biomechanical insights, minimally invasive techniques, long-term outcomes, and patient-centered care strategies.

We look forward to your valuable contributions to this important endeavor, which aligns with Medicina's mission to disseminate impactful research across medical disciplines.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Laura Scaramuzzo
Guest Editor

Dr. Calogero Velluto
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
  • spinal deformities
  • diagnosis
  • surgical treatment
  • minimally invasive techniques
  • biomechanics
  • clinical outcomes
  • patient-centered care
  • multidisciplinary approaches

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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16 pages, 601 KiB  
Review
Impact of Dual Antibiotic Prophylaxis on 90-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates Following Posterior Spinal Fusion for Juvenile Scoliosis: A Single-Center Study of 296 Cases
by Paolo Brigato, Davide Palombi, Leonardo Oggiano, Sergio De Salvatore, Alessandro Rogani, Sergio Sessa and Pier Francesco Costici
Medicina 2025, 61(6), 1046; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61061046 - 6 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) significantly impact pediatric spinal deformity surgery. Considering the increased risk of Gram-negative infections in neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS), broader antibiotic coverage could be advantageous. Some studies suggest extending this approach to all scoliosis etiologies to reduce SSI [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) significantly impact pediatric spinal deformity surgery. Considering the increased risk of Gram-negative infections in neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS), broader antibiotic coverage could be advantageous. Some studies suggest extending this approach to all scoliosis etiologies to reduce SSI rates. This study evaluates whether a dual antibiotic prophylaxis with cephalosporin and aminoglycoside reduces SSI incidence within 90 days postsurgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), NMS, and syndromic scoliosis (SS) patients. Materials and Methods: This study included pediatric patients with AIS, NMS, or SS curves, treated with posterior spinal fusion between January 2019 and December 2022, with a minimum two-year follow-up. The primary outcome was early SSI incidence and its correlation with dual antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric scoliosis surgery. Secondary outcomes included operative data, blood loss, hemoglobin levels, hospital stay, complications, pelvic fixation, and radiographic correction and how these factors could be identified as potential risk factors for SSIs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze antibiotic regimen, SSI risk, and perioperative variables using chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, and Cox regression. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The study included 296 patients: 222 with AIS, 46 with NMS, and 28 with SS. Ninety days postsurgery, SSI rates were 1.2% in AIS (0.8% deep, 0.4% superficial), 6.5% in NMS (all superficial), and 3.5% in SS (all superficial). Deep SSIs in AIS were associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). None of the cases required implant removal. Univariate Cox regression did not reveal any statistically significant predictors for SSIs. However, older age at surgery showed a protective trend, while higher preoperative ASA scores seemed to be a negative prognostic factor (respectively p = 0.051 and p = 0.08). Conclusions: Dual antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin and amikacin was associated with a lower SSI rate after posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis, with no adverse events. Further studies are needed to refine dosage, timing, and duration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis)
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19 pages, 2114 KiB  
Systematic Review
Assessment of Pulmonary Function After Treatment of Scoliosis: Meta-Analysis and Review Article
by Majdi Hashem
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071127 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 321
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pulmonary function is a key outcome in scoliosis management, as both the condition and its treatments can impact respiratory mechanics. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of scoliosis interventions on pulmonary function, focusing on forced vital capacity (FVC), [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Pulmonary function is a key outcome in scoliosis management, as both the condition and its treatments can impact respiratory mechanics. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of scoliosis interventions on pulmonary function, focusing on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies evaluating pulmonary function before and after scoliosis treatment. Data on respiratory parameters, intervention types, and follow-up periods were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results: The meta-analysis revealed no significant overall effect of scoliosis interventions on FVC or FEV1. For FVC, the pooled effect size was 0.0126 (95% CI: −0.0161 to 0.0413; p = 0.3728), and for FEV1, it was 0.0034 (95% CI: −0.0452 to 0.0519; p = 0.8869). Heterogeneity was minimal (I2 = 0.0%) for both metrics. Individual studies showed variability: some reported increases in FVC and FEV1 by over 1.5 L, while others observed decreases in percent predicted values and absolute volumes. PEF generally improved, with some interventions showing statistically significant gains (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Non-invasive rehabilitation methods, such as breathing exercises and aquatic therapy, were associated with more consistent improvements in pulmonary function. In contrast, the effects of surgical interventions were variable and often not statistically significant. These findings suggest a promising role for conservative therapies in enhancing long-term respiratory outcomes in scoliosis patients, though further high-quality research is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis)
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