Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Update on Diagnosis, Therapy, and Monitoring

Dear Colleagues,

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disease that occurs due to a block in the maturation of stem cells of the myeloid lineage, their enormous proliferation, as well as suppression of apoptosis. The most common cause is the activation or inactivation of certain genes, due to various cytogenetic/molecular changes, usually chromosomal translocations, deletions or some other genetic or epigenetic disorders. The incidence of AML ranges from 3.7 to 4.3 per 100,000 population per year.

Complete diagnosis of AML includes morphological/cytochemical/immunophenotypic and cytogenetic/molecular definition of the disease, according to the recommendations of the ELN working group, 2022. The most important prognostic parameter in AML is cytogenetic/molecular findings.

Intensive therapy is reserved for patients under the age of 65, without comorbidities and includes chemotherapy, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, depending on disease markers and targeted therapy.

Due to advanced age, other comorbidities, as well as a higher frequency of unfavorable cytogenetic characteristics, elderly patients are often not suitable for intensive treatment. In them, chemotherapy is applied in reduced doses, as well as an inhibitor of the antiapoptotic bcl-2 protein along with hypomethylating agents.

Prof. Dr. Ana Vidović
Prof. Dr. Andrija Bogdanović
Dr. Nada Kraguljac
Guest Editors

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