Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Financial Services Industry

A special issue of Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390). This special issue belongs to the section "E5: Financial Mathematics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 3277

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Department of Finance, Faculty of Finance and Banking, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: corporate finance; corporate governance; quantitative finance; sustainable development
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the modern era of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has come to have a significant effect on the financial services sector, and with the advent of innovations involving AI, data have become the most vital resources in a financial services organization. AI encompasses a range of methods that serve to increase the financial industry’s efficiency overall, such as machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and image recognition (IR). In the financial sector, artificial intelligence and machine learning serve various purposes, from workforce automation and financial crime detection to customer service via chatbot assistants. Corporations are embracing AI at a faster pace, redefining processes such as performance assessment, budgeting, data analysis, and attending to clients, given that AI is capable of assisting financial companies in the decision-making process by processing and interpreting data in real time. Insurance providers are utilizing artificial intelligence at an increasing rate to streamline operations across fields such as intelligent underwriting, price optimization, or claims processing, due to the fact that AI algorithms can identify patterns within insurance claim data and estimate when certain individuals may require further medical care in a future period. Moreover, as banking privacy is critical, AI is an invaluable asset in the struggle against fraudulent activity. In this regard, massive data sets are processed by AI algorithms, which subsequently utilize the outcomes to instantly identify odd trends or unethical behaviors. AI algorithms are also implemented by investment professionals to boost trading velocity and effectiveness, which has revolutionized the way in which stocks are traded. Therefore, this Special Issue will focus on an array of topics that include, but are not limited to, the following: 

  • Algorithmic trading techniques powered by artificial intelligence;
  • Option pricing with neural network models;
  • Investor sentiment analysis based on artificial intelligence;
  • Artificial neural networks for business valuation;
  • Financial statement fraud using artificial intelligence techniques;
  • Machine learning techniques for detecting and preventing credit card payment fraud;
  • Detecting malicious clients with machine learning algorithms;
  • Machine learning algorithms for predicting customer bank deposits;
  • Machine learning credit scoring systems;
  • Insurance fraud prediction via machine learning methods.

Prof. Dr. Ştefan Cristian Gherghina
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • machine learning (ML)
  • swarm learning (SL)
  • artificial neural networks (ANNs)
  • supervised learning
  • unsupervised learning
  • reinforcement learning
  • deep learning
  • natural language processing (NLP)
  • computer vision

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

43 pages, 4214 KB  
Article
Exploring Cross-Debate Between LLMs to Improve the Forecasting of Financial Market Indicators
by Shuchih Ernest Chang and Kai-Chun Chung
Mathematics 2026, 14(8), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14081393 - 21 Apr 2026
Viewed by 122
Abstract
In the context of political and financial market turmoil, effectively forecasting financial market trends is crucial for investment decisions. Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in extant research to predict market trends, analyze investor sentiments and interpret financial news, all aiming to [...] Read more.
In the context of political and financial market turmoil, effectively forecasting financial market trends is crucial for investment decisions. Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in extant research to predict market trends, analyze investor sentiments and interpret financial news, all aiming to help investment decision making. However, LLMs face limitations due to training data heterogeneity, restricting multidimensional perspectives and hindering comparative analysis for optimization. This study proposes a “Dual-Agent LLM Debate Mechanism” framework using a Proponent (LLM1: Gemini Pro 3) and an Opponent (LLM2: ChatGPT 5.2) to address single-LLM forecasting gaps: The Proponent generates a baseline forecast (F1) from an Integrated Context, while the Opponent validates and resolves conflicts with the Proponent via up to three rounds of cross-debate to produce a consensus forecast (F2). A controlled experiment was conducted to analyze 75 financial market indicators (FMIs) across five asset categories, revealing that F2 outperforms F1 in accuracy and directional stability, particularly in highly volatile assets like Cryptocurrencies and 10-Year Government Bonds. Paired-sample t-tests confirmed statistical significance, validating the mechanism’s effectiveness. Our study results demonstrate how cross-debate between LLMs enhances forecasting accuracy through structured optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Financial Services Industry)
28 pages, 2420 KB  
Article
Exploring the Use of High-Impact Political and Economic Statements in LLM for Judging Financial Market Trend—A Technical Indicator-Based Approach
by Shuchih Ernest Chang and Kai-Chun Chung
Mathematics 2026, 14(5), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14050869 - 4 Mar 2026
Viewed by 849
Abstract
In volatile global political and economic shifts, High-Impact Political and Economic Statements (HIPES) by influential leaders often trigger immediate market panic and sharp fluctuations in economic indicators. The forecasting of these indicators is critical for informed decision-making. This study addresses the challenge of [...] Read more.
In volatile global political and economic shifts, High-Impact Political and Economic Statements (HIPES) by influential leaders often trigger immediate market panic and sharp fluctuations in economic indicators. The forecasting of these indicators is critical for informed decision-making. This study addresses the challenge of enhancing Large Language Models’ (LLMs’) forecasting performance by integrating academic theories as optimization variables, which guide LLMs to analyze HIPES, map relevant academic theories, and convert them into optimization variables, while equipping LLMs with scholars’ diverse perspectives on academic theories. Using Gemini Pro 3, we developed a Dual-Path Comparative Framework: one path employs Direct Forecast (named as F1) based solely on HIPES, while the other combines HIPES with mapped Optimization Variables (named as F2). Both paths were experimented to forecast 75 International Economic Indicators across five asset categories. Results show F2 significantly outperforms F1 in overall accuracy in volatile assets (e.g., crypto), while F1 favors relatively stable asset classes (e.g., commodities). These findings address gaps in “Theory-Guided AI” research, providing strategies for asset-specific forecasting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Financial Services Industry)
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31 pages, 2358 KB  
Article
Semi-Supervised Bayesian GANs with Log-Signatures for Uncertainty-Aware Credit Card Fraud Detection
by David Hirnschall
Mathematics 2025, 13(19), 3229; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13193229 - 9 Oct 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1211
Abstract
We present a novel deep generative semi-supervised framework for credit card fraud detection, formulated as a time series classification task. As financial transaction data streams grow in scale and complexity, traditional methods often require large labeled datasets and struggle with time series of [...] Read more.
We present a novel deep generative semi-supervised framework for credit card fraud detection, formulated as a time series classification task. As financial transaction data streams grow in scale and complexity, traditional methods often require large labeled datasets and struggle with time series of irregular sampling frequencies and varying sequence lengths. To address these challenges, we extend conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for targeted data augmentation, integrate Bayesian inference to obtain predictive distributions and quantify uncertainty, and leverage log-signatures for robust feature encoding of transaction histories. We propose a composite Wasserstein distance-based loss to align generated and real unlabeled samples while simultaneously maximizing classification accuracy on labeled data. Our approach is evaluated on the BankSim dataset, a widely used simulator for credit card transaction data, under varying proportions of labeled samples, demonstrating consistent improvements over benchmarks in both global statistical and domain-specific metrics. These findings highlight the effectiveness of GAN-driven semi-supervised learning with log-signatures for irregularly sampled time series and emphasize the importance of uncertainty-aware predictions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Financial Services Industry)
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