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Spark Plasma Sintered Materials with Advanced Properties
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Spark Plasma Sintered Materials with Advanced Properties

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 7338

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kuskov V. Kirill

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center of Functional Nanoceramics, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
Interests: nanomaterials; material characterization; composite materials; mechanical alloying; spark plasma sintering; scanning electron microscopy
Dr. Nepapushev Andrey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center of Functional Nanoceramics, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
Interests: combustion synthesis; ceramics; high-energy ball milling; mechanical activation; spark plasma sintering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the approaches that allows obtaining a wide range of materials—metals, alloys, ceramics, and composites—is powder metallurgy (PM). Its advantage is the possibility of obtaining products that are difficult or impossible to obtain using other technological methods; for example, composites from completely immiscible metals such as Cu/Cr and W/Cu, hard alloys, and ultra-high temperature ceramics. An important stage of the PM technological process is sintering, which gives a material its final strength. An important issue at this stage is the possibility to control the structure of any produced material and, consequently, its properties. One such universal sintering method is spark plasma sintering (SPS). Exposure to pulsed current allows consolidation of powdered materials to a non-porous state within a fairly short period of time. The advent of reactive and flash SPS has also opened opportunities to further reduce the exposure duration of materials at high temperatures. Thus, by varying the parameters and methods of SPS, it is possible to achieve a wide range of properties of different materials, such as thermoelectrics, electrical contacts, and composites (from metal matrix to high-temperature ceramics). Thus, this Special Issue is devoted to investigations aimed at obtaining and studying the advanced properties of various materials produced using SPS methods.

We cordially invite you to submit your contribution to this issue, for which the topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Structure and properties of materials after SPS;
  • Materials with advanced mechanical, thermal, and conductive properties obtained by SPS;
  • Comparative studies of materials obtained by various SPS methods: conventional, reactive, flash.
  • Spark plasma sintering kinetics

Dr. Kuskov V. Kirill
Dr. Nepapushev Andrey
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spark plasma sintering
  • reactive sintering
  • flash spark plasma sintering
  • functional materials
  • high-entropy materials
  • high-temperature materials

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 9650 KiB  
Article
Combustion Synthesis and Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering of Non-Equiatomic CoAl-Based High Entropy Intermetallics
by Kirill Vasilevich Kuskov, Andrey A. Nepapushev, Sofiya Aydinyan, Dmitry G. Shaysultanov, Nikita D. Stepanov, Khachik Nazaretyan, Suren Kharatyan, Elena V. Zakharova, Dmitry S. Belov and Dmitry O. Moskovskikh
Materials 2023, 16(4), 1490; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041490 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
The present work reports the direct production of a high-entropy (HE) intermetallic CoNi0.3Fe0.3Cr0.15Al material with a B2 structure from mechanically activated elemental powder mixtures. Fast and efficient combustion synthesis (CS), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and reactive SPS [...] Read more.
The present work reports the direct production of a high-entropy (HE) intermetallic CoNi0.3Fe0.3Cr0.15Al material with a B2 structure from mechanically activated elemental powder mixtures. Fast and efficient combustion synthesis (CS), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and reactive SPS (RSPS) methods were used to synthesize the HE powders and bulks. The formation of the main B2 phase along with some amounts of secondary BCC and FCC phases are reported, and L12 intermetallic (CS scheme) and BCC based on Cr (CS + SPS and RSPS schemes at 1000 °C) were observed in all samples. The interaction between the components during heating to 1600 °C of the mechanically activated mixtures and CS powders has been studied. It has been shown that the formation of the CoNi0.3Fe0.3Cr0.15Al phase occurs at 1370 °C through the formation of intermediate intermetallic phases (Al9Me2, AlCo, AlNi3) and their solid solutions, which coincidences well with thermodynamic calculations and solubility diagrams. Compression tests at room and elevated temperatures showed that the alloy obtained by the RSPS method has enhanced mechanical properties (σp = 2.79 GPa, σ0.2 = 1.82 GPa, ε = 11.5% at 400 °C) that surpass many known alloys in this system. High mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are provided by the B2 ordered phase due to the presence of impurity atoms and defects in the lattice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintered Materials with Advanced Properties)
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16 pages, 6744 KiB  
Article
Electrical and Heat Distributions and Their Influence on the Mass Transfer during the Flash Spark Plasma Sintering of a Cu/Cr Nanocomposite: Experiments and Numerical Simulation
by Mohammad Abedi, Atefeh Asadi, Saeed Sovizi, Dmitry Moskovskikh, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov and Alexander Mukasyan
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7366; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207366 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2366
Abstract
The nanocomposite Cu–Cr powder was consolidated by flash spark plasma sintering (FSPS), which involves applying an extremely rapid change in the electrical power passing through the bulk of the sample. It was demonstrated that an essentially fully dense material could be obtained in [...] Read more.
The nanocomposite Cu–Cr powder was consolidated by flash spark plasma sintering (FSPS), which involves applying an extremely rapid change in the electrical power passing through the bulk of the sample. It was demonstrated that an essentially fully dense material could be obtained in 15 s. Such short-term treatment typically preserves the nanostructured features of the material. However, investigation revealed a nonuniformity in the microstructure of the alloys obtained under such extreme conditions. To better understand the observed effects, the FSPS process was simulated. It was observed that a rapid change in the applied electrical power resulted in nonuniform distributions of current density and temperature along the body of the consolidated material. Specifically, the current density was higher on the periphery of the sample, and the temperature was higher in the middle. These findings explain the observed structural transformation during FSPS and suggest an optimization strategy to avoid microstructural nonuniformity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintered Materials with Advanced Properties)
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15 pages, 6051 KiB  
Article
Effect of High-Pressure Torsion on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiGax (x = 0.5, 1.0) High Entropy Alloys
by Natalia Shkodich, Franziska Staab, Marina Spasova, Kirill V. Kuskov, Karsten Durst and Michael Farle
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7214; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207214 - 16 Oct 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2275
Abstract
In our search for an optimum soft magnet with excellent mechanical properties which can be used in applications centered around “electro mobility”, nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiGax (x = 0.5, 1.0) bulk high entropy alloys (HEA) were successfully produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at [...] Read more.
In our search for an optimum soft magnet with excellent mechanical properties which can be used in applications centered around “electro mobility”, nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiGax (x = 0.5, 1.0) bulk high entropy alloys (HEA) were successfully produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1073 K of HEA powders produced by high energy ball milling (HEBM). SPS of non-equiatomic CoCrFeNiGa0.5 particles results in the formation of a single-phase fcc bulk HEA, while for the equiatomic CoCrFeNiGa composition a mixture of bcc and fcc phases was found. For both compositions SEM/EDX analysis showed a predominant uniform distribution of the elements with only a small number of Cr-rich precipitates. High pressure torsion (HPT) of the bulk samples led to an increased homogeneity and a grain refinement: i.e., the crystallite size of the single fcc phase of CoCrFeNiGa0.5 decreased by a factor of 3; the crystallite size of the bcc and fcc phases of CoCrFeNiGa—by a factor of 4 and 10, respectively. The lattice strains substantially increased by nearly the same extent. After HPT the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the fcc phase of CoCrFeNiGa0.5 and its Curie temperature increased by 17% (up to 35 Am2/kg) and 31.5% (from 95 K to 125 K), respectively, whereas the coercivity decreased by a factor of 6. The overall Ms of the equiatomic CoCrFeNiGa decreased by 34% and 55% at 10 K and 300 K, respectively. At the same time the coercivity of CoCrFeNiGa increased by 50%. The HPT treatment of SPS-consolidated HEAs increased the Vickers hardness (Hv) by a factor of two (up to 5.632 ± 0.188) only for the non-equiatomic CoCrFeNiGa0.5, while for the equiatomic composition, the Hv remained unchanged (6.343–6.425 GPa). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spark Plasma Sintered Materials with Advanced Properties)
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