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Mechanical Properties of Biological Materials: From Structure to Function

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 6335

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
Interests: mechanical response of biological materials; design principles of biological structures; surface properties; biomineralization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mechanical properties are key to how a material interacts with external forces and environmental factors. Thus, to endure the mechanical stresses imposed by a variety of external stimuli, functional materials require modifications in their mechanical characteristics. Such modifications can be addressed through alterations in chemical composition or changes in physical and geometrical features. In engineering materials, the former has often been the preferred option. In contrast, biological materials broadly address their structural and mechanical requirements through the latest alternative. Hence, biological materials offer a spectrum of mechanical properties from soft and flexible to stiff and brittle or their combination; yet, most rely on a large variety of architectural arrangements with minimum chemical diversity.

Consequently, the inspiration of architectural and design paradigms offered by nature can guide us toward a new series of bioinspired composites, which can eventually satisfy the emerging field of functional and sustainable materials.

In this Special Issue of Materials, we focus on the mechanical properties of biological structures in the context of function and review the current understandings of physical modifications (e.g., multiscale architectural arrangements, heterogeneities, and gradients) in biological structures. This Special Issue covers the following topics:

  • Mechanical response of biological materials;
  • Bioinspired functional materials;
  • Advances in structural and mechanical characterizations;
  • Architecture/property/function interrelations in biological structures.

We cordially invite you to submit your original papers, communications, or review articles to this Special Issue titled "Mechanical Properties of Biological Materials: From Structure to Function".

Dr. Shahrouz Amini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biological materials
  • Hierarchical structures
  • Mechanical properties
  • Bioinspired materials
  • Multifunctional materials
  • Biomineralized tissues
  • Damage-resistant structures
  • Location-specific architectural arrangements

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 12524 KiB  
Article
Study of Selected Physical-Mechanical Properties of Corn Grains Important from the Point of View of Mechanical Processing Systems Designing
by Weronika Kruszelnicka
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061467 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2968
Abstract
Mechanical properties of corn grains are of key importance in a design of processing machines whose energy demand depends on these properties. The aim of this study is to determine the selected mechanical properties of corn grains and the rupture energy. The research [...] Read more.
Mechanical properties of corn grains are of key importance in a design of processing machines whose energy demand depends on these properties. The aim of this study is to determine the selected mechanical properties of corn grains and the rupture energy. The research problem was formulated as questions: (1) How much force and energy is needed to induce a rupture of corn grain maintaining good quality of the product of processing (mixing, grinding transport)? (2) Can empirical distributions of the studied physical-mechanical properties be described by means of probability distributions provided by the literature? (3) Is there a relationship between the corn grain size and the selected mechanical properties, as well as rupture energy? In order to achieve the goals, the selected physical properties (size, volume) of corn grains have been distinguished and a static compression test has been carried out on an Instron 5966 testing machine. The results indicate a significant scatter of the results in terms of size, grain shape, forces, energy, and deformation corresponding to the point of inflection, bioyiled point, and rupture point. It has also been indicated that empirical distributions of the analyzed properties can be described by means of distributions known from the literature, e.g., gamma, Weibull or lognormal distributions. It has been confirmed that mechanical properties such as force, energy, and stress that cause rupture depend on the grain size, more precisely, the grain thickness—there are negative relations between thickness and force, energy and stress in relation to the point of inflection, bioyiled point, and rupture point. Full article
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10 pages, 2906 KiB  
Article
Measurement of Force Required for Anterior Displacement of Intraocular Lenses and Its Defining Parameters
by Mihoko Mochiji, Sachiko Kaidzu, Yoshihisa Ishiba, Yuji Matsuda and Masaki Tanito
Materials 2020, 13(20), 4593; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204593 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2200
Abstract
Intraocular stability during or after cataract and glaucoma filtration surgeries and vitreous surgery with a gas/silicone oil tamponade might differ among intraocular lenses (IOLs). We used six different one-piece IOL models and measured the force that displaced the IOLs from the vitreous cavity [...] Read more.
Intraocular stability during or after cataract and glaucoma filtration surgeries and vitreous surgery with a gas/silicone oil tamponade might differ among intraocular lenses (IOLs). We used six different one-piece IOL models and measured the force that displaced the IOLs from the vitreous cavity to anterior chamber as a measure of stability against the pressure gradient between the anterior and posterior IOL surfaces. We measured IOL hardness, haptics junction area, and posterior IOL bulge to identify what determines the IOL displacement force. The KOWA YP2.2 IOL (1.231 mN) required significantly greater force than the HOYA XY1 (0.416 mN, p = 0.0004), HOYA 255 (0.409 mN, p = 0.0003), Alcon SN60WF (0.507 mN, p = 0.0010), and Nidek NS60YG (0.778 mN, p = 0.0186) IOLs; J&J ZCB00V IOL (1.029 mN) required greater force than the HOYA XY1 (p = 0.0032) and HOYA 255 (p = 0.0029) IOLs; the Nidek NS60YG IOL required greater force than the HOYA 255 (p = 0.0468) IOL. The haptics junction area was correlated positively with the IOL displacement force (r = 0.8536, p = 0.0306); the correlations of the other parameters were non-significant. After adjusting for any confounding effects, the haptics junction area was correlated significantly with the IOL displacement force (p = 0.0394); the IOL hardness (p = 0.0573) and posterior IOL bulge (p = 0.0938) were not. The forces that displace IOLs anteriorly differed among one-piece soft-acrylic IOLs, and the optics/haptics junction area was the major force determinant. Full article
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