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Corrosion and Degradation Phenomena in Biomaterials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 8412

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrea Balbo

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Guest Editor

Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre "Aldo Daccò", Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Interests: corrosion of materials; electrochemistry and electrochemical techniques for corrosion research; environmentally assisted cracking; corrosion in additive manufacturing; advanced ceramics; biomaterials

Dr. Federica Zanotto

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Guest Editor

Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre "Aldo Daccò", Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Interests: corrosion of materials; electrochemistry and electrochemical techniques for corrosion research; environmentally assisted cracking; hydrogen diffusion; hydrogen embrittlement; corrosion in additive manufacturing; advanced ceramics; biomaterials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance properties are important characteristics of implanted biomaterials, strictly related to biocompatibility. In fact, high concentrations of metals ions and the formation of corrosion products and wear debris can cause adverse health effects, and may contribute to implant failures. In other circumstances, such as in the case of resorbable materials, the degradation of the implanted materials is a desirable property. In both situations, the study of the degradation processes and the interactions between biomaterials and the biological environment are of paramount importance. In turn, biological fluids are very complex environments, and the presence of dissolved oxygen, chloride ions, biological macromolecules, and, in some circumstances, low pH values and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) make them particularly aggressive.

In recent years, new materials (e.g., biocompatible high-entropy alloys, advanced ceramics, and composites) with potential applications in the biomedical field have been developed and innovative fabrication technologies (e.g., additive manufacturing techniques) favor the processing of both traditional and new alloys, producing materials with new microstructural characteristics. In association with the current strict European requirements in the biomedical field, these developments offer new relevant outlooks that need to be explored and studied.

This Special Issue aims to collect relevant research papers or reviews reporting significant progresses in the assessment and comprehension of biomaterial corrosion and degradation phenomena, also in the presence of wear and constant and variable loads.

Dr. Andrea Balbo
Dr. Federica Zanotto
Guest Editors

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Keywords

biomaterials
metals
ceramics
corrosion
electrochemistry
tribocorrosion
fatigue corrosion
stress corrosion cracking
metal release
biocompatibility
additive manufacturing
inflammation process
simulated body fluid (SBF)
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
resorbable material

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 7200 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Crevice Corrosion Model for Biomedical Trunnion Geometries and Surfaces Feature

by Angela Bermúdez-Castañeda, Anna Igual-Muñoz and Stefano Mischler

Materials 2021, 14(4), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14041005 - 20 Feb 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2095

Abstract

Modular hip joint implants were introduced in arthroplasty medical procedures because they facilitate the tailoring of patients’ anatomy, the use of different materials in one single configuration, as well as medical revision. However, in certain cases, such prostheses may undergo deterioration at the head–neck junctions with negative clinical consequences. Crevice-corrosion is commonly invoked as one of the degradation mechanisms acting at those junctions despite biomedical alloys such as Ti6Al4V and CoCr being considered generally resistant to this form of corrosion. To verify the occurrence of crevice corrosion in modular hip joint junctions, laboratory crevice-corrosion tests were conducted in this work under hip joint-relevant conditions, i.e., using similar convergent crevice geometries, materials (Ti6Al4V and CoCr alloys vs. ceramic), surface finish, NaCl solution pHs (5.6 and 2.3), and electrochemical conditions. A theoretical model was also developed to describe crevice-corrosion considering relevant geometrical and electrochemical parameters. To verify the model, a FeCr alloy, known to be sensitive to this phenomenon, was subjected to the crevice-corrosion test in sulfuric acid. The experiments and the model predictions clearly showed that, in principle, crevice corrosion of Ti6Al4V or CoCr is not supposed to occur in typical crevices formed at the stem-neck junction of hip implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Degradation Phenomena in Biomaterials)

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16 pages, 7231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual Electrochemical Treatments to Improve Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy

by Stefano Rossi, Luciana Volgare, Carine Perrin-Pellegrino, Carine Chassigneux, Erick Dousset and Marielle Eyraud

Materials 2020, 13(11), 2479; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112479 - 29 May 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2125

Abstract

Surface treatments are considered as a good alternative to increase biocompatibility and the lifetime of Ti-based alloys used for implants in the human body. The present research reports the comparison of bare and modified Ti6Al4V substrates on hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance properties in body fluid environment at 37 °C. Several surface treatments were conducted separately to obtain either a porous oxide layer using nanostructuration (N) in ethylene glycol containing fluoride solution, or bulk oxide thin films through heat treatment at 450 °C for 3 h (HT), or electrochemical oxidation at 1 V for 3 h (EO), as well as combined treatments (N-HT and N-EO). In-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ transmission electron microscopy have shown that heat treatment gave first rise to the formation of a 30 nm thick amorphous layer which crystallized in rutile around 620 °C. Electrochemical oxidations gave rise to a 10 nm thick amorphous film on the top of the surface (EO) or below the amorphous nanotube layer (N-EO). Dual treated samples presented similar results with a more stable behavior for N-EO. Finally, for both corrosion and hydrophilicity points of view, the new combined treatment to get a total amorphous N-EO sample seems to be the best and even better than the partially crystallized N-HT sample. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Degradation Phenomena in Biomaterials)

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Review

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26 pages, 3131 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

An Overview of Serum Albumin Interactions with Biomedical Alloys

by Oksana Klok, Anna Igual Munoz and Stefano Mischler

Materials 2020, 13(21), 4858; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214858 - 29 Oct 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3395

Abstract

Understanding the interactions between biomedical alloys and body fluids is of importance for the successful and safe performance of implanted devices. Albumin, as the first protein that comes in contact with an implant surface, can determine the biocompatibility of biomedical alloys. The interaction of albumin with biomedical alloys is a complex process influenced by numerous factors. This literature overview aims at presenting the current understanding of the mechanisms of serum albumin (both Bovine Serum Albumin, BSA, and Human Serum Albumin, HSA) interactions with biomedical alloys, considering only those research works that present a mechanistic description of the involved phenomena. Widely used biomedical alloys, such as 316L steel, CoCrMo and Titanium alloys are specifically addressed in this overview. Considering the literature analysis, four albumin-related phenomena can be distinguished: adsorption, reduction, precipitation, and protein-metal binding. The experimental techniques used to understand and quantify those phenomena are described together with the studied parameters influencing them. The crucial effect of the electrochemical potential on those phenomena is highlighted. The effect of the albumin-related phenomena on corrosion behavior of biomedical materials also is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Degradation Phenomena in Biomaterials)

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