The Bone–Implant Interface across Multiple Length Scales

Dear Colleagues,

Bone is a complex biological system that exhibits a functionally-optimized, multiscale architecture, where repeating subunits at different length scales, from nano- to macro-, assemble into progressively larger structures. The bone-implant interface is a wide zone where various intricate physical and chemical interactions occur between a constantly adapting physiological system surrounding an inanimate, bone-anchored implant.

This Special Issue of Materials, “The Bone-Implant Interface across Multiple Length Scales”, highlights the structure–function relationships and biomechanical aspects of the interface between bone and bone-repair biomaterials for use in orthopedics and dentistry. Advancement in 3D printing technologies for biocompatible materials including glasses, ceramics, polymers, and metals/alloys has been a major driving force in the evolution of physicochemically and mechanically tailored, application-specific implant designs. Long-term in vivo performance of implant biomaterials may be enhanced through novel design parameters that support continued bone remodeling in addition to stimulating the initial osteogenic response.

Macro-to-micrometer scale porosity for osteonal/lamellar bone ingrowth, combined micro-/nanoscale topography for improved mechanical anchorage, surface-immobilized biomolecules and therapeutic agents, compositions that undergo degradation/resorption under physiological conditions, and cell-based tissue engineering strategies offer their advantages. Here, the spotlight is on recent developments, challenges, and future directions in understanding the truly hierarchical nature of the bone-implant interface.

Dr. Furqan A. Shah
Guest Editor

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