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Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Simulation and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2026 | Viewed by 5930

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fang Wang

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Guest Editor

School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Interests: metallic materials and structures; dynamic performance; damage and fracture; micromechanics; plasticity; modeling

Dr. Meizhen Xiang

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Guest Editor

Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
Interests: dynamic fracture mechanics; multiscale modeling; micromechanics; damage mechanics; shock responses

Dr. Xin Yang

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Guest Editor

School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Interests: spallation; mirco-jet; stress wave; damage and fracture; phase transition; equation of state and constitutive model

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Material damage and failure during intensive impact loading have become a key area of research in relation to physics and engineering. Complicated microstructure evolutions at high strain rates render it challenging to explore the micromechanisms of the non-linear events involved in dynamic fracture. Our Special Issue is focused on the recent developments and applications of computational theory, simulation methods, experiments, models, and algorithms for the analysis of the dynamic damage and failure of materials and structures, such as metals, alloys, ceramics, and composites; this is expected to provide an open and active forum to strengthen academic communications on this topic.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Multiscale models and methods;
Computational approach and its optimization;
Numerical simulations;
Thermo-mechanical coupling;
Data-driven modeling;
Mechanism;
Dynamic damage and fracture;
Dynamic constitutive models;
Dynamic responses of inhomogeneous materials;
Equation of state;
Microstructure effects on material strengths;
Shock experiments;
AI applications in shock dynamics.

We hope that this Special Issue will stimulate further research in the field of material dynamic mechanical performance, promoting practical applications of advanced structural materials in extreme conditions.

Prof. Dr. Fang Wang
Dr. Meizhen Xiang
Dr. Xin Yang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

materials and structures
intensive loading
dynamic damage and failure
shock response
physical mechanism
plastic deformation
spallation
microjetting
shear localization
numerical simulations

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1808 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gas Turbine Blade Characterization Through Modal Analysis

by Andrea Troglia Gamba, Francesco Bagnera and Daniele Botto

Materials 2026, 19(6), 1192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19061192 - 18 Mar 2026

Viewed by 270

Abstract

This study presents the dynamic characterization of a gas turbine blade manufactured from two different nickel-based superalloys: on the first hand, a superalloy called René 80 and, on the second hand, a directionally solidified (DS) nickel-based anisotropic superalloy, investigated during the validation phase of the development process. Starting from the original CAD geometry, precise and very detailed finite-element models were developed, progressively refined and modified, and consequently validated to ensure mesh-independent modal predictions. The study examines multiple possible sources of discrepancy between experimentally measured and numerically predicted natural frequencies, including geometric deviations, grouping of different interesting points, broach-block test configuration, material anisotropy, and the influence of internal rib turbulators. Statistical analyses of dimensional variations revealed no significant correlation with the observed frequency scatter, redirecting the investigation toward material behavior and modeling fidelity. The inclusion of turbulators in the finite-element model proved essential, reducing prediction errors for the first two modes by approximately 2–3%. For the DS superalloy, the effect of grain orientation was evaluated over permissible angular deviations (extremes were considered); however, no systematic and clear improvement in frequency prediction was observed. Finally, several tuning strategies were assessed, leading to an optimization procedure that simultaneously adjusted the elastic moduli

E_{x}

and

E_{z}

, reducing modal frequency deviations to below 1% for the first two modes. The proposed methodology provides a robust and solid framework for the validation of turbine blade dynamic behavior across different materials and manufacturing conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures)

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18 pages, 10875 KB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Hydrogen Concentration in Strength and Damage of Polycrystalline Iron Under Triaxial Tension

by Yi Liao, Runting Chen, Wanghui Li, Xia Tian, Taolong Xu, Kun Wang, Jun Chen and Meizhen Xiang

Materials 2026, 19(4), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19040673 - 10 Feb 2026

Viewed by 481

Abstract

The mechanical response of the iron–hydrogen (Fe-H) system under triaxial tensile loading is systematically investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The study focuses on how hydrogen concentration affects the stress state and void evolution and further explores its coupled effects with temperature. The results indicate that when the hydrogen concentration is less than or equal to 1%, hydrogen atoms impede dislocation motion, thereby retarding void growth by promoting dislocation entanglement and the formation of loop structures. Moreover, the evolution of void volume exhibits a typical three-stage characteristic: an initial slow growth phase, a rapid growth phase, and a decelerated growth phase after coalescence. In addition, the evolution of void surface area in the model essentially results from competition between two mechanisms: the decrease caused by void collapse and coalescence and the increase caused by void expansion. Cluster configuration analysis reveals that void formation around the clusters serves as a critical turning point for their structural stability, and the subsequent evolution of the voids leads to a substantial reduction in local structural stability. The analysis of the coupling effect between temperature and hydrogen concentration reveals that under high-temperature conditions, temperature plays a key role in determining the strength, while the strengthening effect of low hydrogen concentrations can be neglected. Additionally, at low temperatures, hydrogen concentration has a negligible effect on structure, but under elevated temperatures, increased hydrogen concentration markedly intensifies the degree of structural disorder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures)

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22 pages, 12353 KB

Open AccessArticle

A New Definition of Peridynamic Damage for Thermo-Mechanical Fracture in Brittle Materials

by Sitong Tao and Fei Han

Materials 2026, 19(2), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020234 - 7 Jan 2026

Viewed by 508

Abstract

A thermo-mechanical fracture modeling is proposed to address thermal failure issues, where the temperature field is calculated by a heat conduction model based on classical continuum mechanics (CCM), while the deformation field with discontinuities is calculated using the peridynamic (PD) model. The model is calculated using a CCM/PD alternating solution based on finite element discretization, which ensures the calculation accuracy and facilitates engineering applications. The original PD model defines damage solely based on the number of broken bonds in the vicinity of the material point, neglecting the distribution of these bonds. To address this limitation, a new definition of the PD damage accounting for both the number of broken bonds and their specific distribution is proposed. As a result, damage in various directions can be captured, enabling more realistic thermal fracture simulations based on a unified mesh discretization. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated by comparing numerical examples with analytical solutions. Moreover, simulation results, including a thermal shock case with a transient temperature field, demonstrate the model’s ability to aid in understanding the initiation and propagation mechanisms of complex thermal fractures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures)

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16 pages, 5496 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Compressive Mechanical Behavior of a Novel Three-Dimensional Re-Entrant Honeycomb (3D-RH) Structure

by Xiyan Du, Lun Qi, Yulong Shi, Lei Xing, Gang Wang, Haibo Zhang, Wenting Bai, Xiaofei Cao and Chunwang He

Materials 2025, 18(22), 5234; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225234 - 19 Nov 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 571

Abstract

Negative Poisson’s ratio structural materials have unique deformation characteristics and excellent mechanical properties, and are widely used in multiple key fields, such as aerospace, nuclear safety, rail transit, and so on. However, most of them are two-dimensional negative Poisson’s ratio structural materials, and the mechanical design and performance evaluation of dynamic behavior of three-dimensional novel negative Poisson’s ratio structural materials deserve more attention. Inspired by the deformation mechanism of the traditional two-dimensional re-entrant honeycomb (2D-RH) structure, this study extends the planar structural characteristics to the spatial dimension and proposes a novel three-dimensional re-entrant honeycomb (3D-RH) structure. Experimental testing, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation are all utilized to study its quasi-static and dynamic compressive mechanical properties and deformation processes. The novelty of this paper lies in the novel 3D-RH structure and the investigation of the static and dynamic mechanical behavior. The testing results indicate that the quasi-static compressive performance curve of the 3D-RH pattern is a typical bending-dominated deformation behavior, and the dynamic mechanical properties of the 3D-RH structural pattern exhibit an apparent strain rate effect. In addition, Ashby maps are also plotted to demonstrate its acceptable performance characteristics, indicating its potential attractive application prospects in innovative development of lightweight, high-specific-stiffness, and high-specific-strength structural materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures)

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27 pages, 10184 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Bedrock Material Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of an Earth Dam Using Experimentally Derived Spatiotemporal Parameters for Spatially Varying Ground Motion

by Paweł Boroń and Joanna Maria Dulińska

Materials 2025, 18(13), 3005; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133005 - 25 Jun 2025

Viewed by 895

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of bedrock material conditions on the seismic behavior of the Niedzica earth dam in southern Poland. It examines the dam’s dynamic response to a real seismic event—the 2004 Podhale earthquake—and evaluates how different foundation conditions affect structural performance under spatially varying ground motions. A spatially varying ground motion excitation model was developed, incorporating both wave coherence loss and wave passage effects. Seismic data was collected from three monitoring stations: two located in fractured bedrock beneath the dam and one installed in the surrounding intact Carpathian flysch. From these recordings, two key spatiotemporal parameters were experimentally determined: the seismic wave velocity and the spatial scale parameter (α), which reflects the degree of signal incoherence. For the fractured bedrock beneath the dam, the wave velocity was 2800 m/s and α = 0.43; for the undisturbed flysch, it was 3540 m/s and α = 0.82. A detailed 3D finite element model of the dam was developed in ABAQUS and subjected to time history analyses under three excitation scenarios: (1) uniform input, (2) non-uniform input with coherence loss, and (3) non-uniform input including both coherence loss and wave passage effects. The results show that the dam’s seismic response is highly sensitive to the choice of spatiotemporal parameters. Using generalized values from the flysch reduced predicted shear stresses by up to 16% compared to uniform excitation. However, when the precise parameters for the fractured bedrock were applied, the reductions increased to as much as 24%. This change in response is attributed to the higher incoherence of seismic waves in fractured material, which causes greater desynchronization of ground motion across the dam’s foundation. Even small-scale geological differences—when properly reflected in the spatiotemporal model—can significantly influence seismic safety evaluations of large-scale structures. Ultimately, shifting from regional to site-specific parameters enables a more realistic assessment of dynamic stress distribution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures)

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27 pages, 15440 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Performance of a Steel Road Sign with Multi-Material Electronic Signboard Under Mining-Induced Tremors from Different Mining Areas: Experimental and Numerical Research

by Paweł Boroń and Joanna Maria Dulińska

Materials 2025, 18(7), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071451 - 25 Mar 2025

Viewed by 901

Abstract

This study investigates the dynamic performance of a road sign equipped with a multi-material electronic signboard subjected to mining-induced seismic tremors. The key innovative aspect lies in providing new insights into the dynamic performance of multi-material electronic signboards under high-energy mining tremors, enhancing their safety assessment in mining areas. Experimental modal analysis and finite element analysis were conducted, and the numerical model of the sign was calibrated by adjusting ground stiffness to align experimental and computational data. The fundamental natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes were identified as 2.75 Hz, 3.09 Hz, 8.46 Hz, and 13.50 Hz. Numerical results were validated using MAC methods, demonstrating strong agreement with experimental values and confirming the accuracy of the numerical predictions. Damping ratios of 3.79% and 3.71% for the first and second modes, respectively, were measured via hammer tests. To evaluate the sign’s dynamic performance under high-energy mining-induced tremors, two events were applied as kinematic excitation of the structure. These tremors, recorded in different mining regions, exhibited significant variations in peak ground acceleration (PGA) and dominant frequency range. A key finding was that frequency matching between the dominant frequencies of the tremor and the natural frequencies of the sign had a greater impact on the sign’s dynamic response than PGA. The Szombierki tremor, with dominant frequencies of 1.6–4.8 Hz, induced significantly higher stress and displacement compared to the Moskorzyn tremor (5–10 Hz) despite the latter having twice the PGA. These results highlight that a road sign structure can exhibit widely varying dynamic behaviors depending on the seismic characteristics of the mining zone. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of mining-induced tremors in relation to the seismicity of specific areas is crucial for understanding their potential impact on such structures. The dynamic performance assessment also revealed that the electronic multi-material signboard did not undergo plastic deformation, confirming it as a safe material solution for use in mining areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures)

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Review

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35 pages, 12124 KB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review on the Fatigue of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

by Gregor Gaberšček Tuta and Gorazd Fajdiga

Materials 2025, 18(22), 5118; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225118 - 11 Nov 2025

Viewed by 1498

Abstract

The fatigue of wood is becoming increasingly important in modern engineering, as the safety of the structure must be guaranteed and the use of materials must be optimized at the same time. Predicting the fatigue behavior of wood remains a challenge for many researchers. Interest and the number of studies in this field have increased, highlighting the need for a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on wood fatigue. In this paper, we focus on the study of the fatigue of wood-based materials to understand the similarities and peculiarities of fatigue behavior compared to other engineering materials and to identify opportunities for new research. We present the influence of physical and mechanical properties on fatigue life and identify similarities in the fatigue behavior of wood, polymeric materials and steel. The basic properties that differentiate the fatigue life of wood from that of other materials are heterogeneity, orthotropy, viscoelasticity, hygroscopicity, mechanosorptivity and the lack of a clear threshold value for fatigue strength. The differences in fatigue life between solid wood and laminated wood are not uniformly defined by researchers. We provide an overview of the measurement methods used to monitor the fatigue state, the models used to predict fatigue life and the simulations of the stress–strain response to cyclic loading. We identify areas where wood is subject to fatigue and determine which areas are most critical under cyclic loading. We make suggestions for further research that would contribute significantly to a better understanding and management of wood fatigue. Due to the wide variety of wood species used in the studies, it is impossible to compare the results. In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the response of wood to fatigue under different test conditions, the test methods need to be standardized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulations of the Dynamic Mechanical Performance of Materials and Structures)

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