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Advanced Scintillator and Detector Materials for Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1871

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Str., 2, 85-090, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: scintillators; development of luminescent materials in the single crystalline and crystals forms; energy transfer processes in scintillators; defects and dopant as emission and trapping centers in dielectrics
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Guest Editor Assistant
1. Medical Physics Department, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszyk Oncology Center, Dr I. Romanowskiej Street 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2. Department of Oncology and Brachytherapy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicholas Copernicus University in Toruń, Jagiellońska Street 13/15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: dosimetry; medical physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent progress in luminescent and scintillating materials has opened new opportunities for the development of high-performance detectors applied in radiation physics, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine. Current research focuses on oxide-based single crystals, epitaxial structures, and composite scintillators optimized for accurate detection, imaging, and dosimetry of ionizing radiation.

Particular attention has been devoted to doped simple and mixed oxide systems in both bulk and epitaxial forms, including heavy compounds such as YAG, LuAG, and GAGG garnets and their combinations; Gd–Lu-based perovskites; Y–Lu–Gd orthosilicates; and La–Gd–Y pyrosilicates, as well as “light” materials such as Al₂O₃ (sapphire) and MgAl₂O₄ (spinel). Synthesized using advanced crystal growth methods including Czochralski, Bridgman, micro-pulling-down (MPD), and liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE), these materials exhibit high optical transparency, radiation hardness, and tunable scintillation decay kinetics. Their fast decay times, high light yields, and excellent thermal stability make them promising candidates for real-time radiation monitoring, beam quality control, and in vivo dosimetry in external beam and brachytherapy applications.

Recent developments have also demonstrated the potential of compact scintillation detectors integrated with optical fiber readout and silicon photomultipliers, enabling precise, real-time dose measurements under clinical conditions. Parallel advances in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) detectors and composite multilayer architectures have further expanded the versatility of these materials, allowing simultaneous detection of mixed radiation fields and enhanced sensitivity through interface engineering.

Collectively, these advances underline the multifunctionality, structural robustness, and broad applicability of garnet-, perovskite-, silicate-, and Al₂O₃–MgAl₂O₄-based scintillators and detectors. Their integration into next-generation detection systems bridges fundamental luminescence research with practical innovations in medical imaging, clinical dosimetry, and radiation physics instrumentation.

Prof. Dr. Yuriy Zorenko
Guest Editor

Dr. Janusz Winiecki
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • scintillators
  • radioluminescence
  • crystals
  • films
  • oxides
  • radiation physics
  • nuclear medicine

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5919 KB  
Article
Development of Optical-Guiding Scintillators with Ultrafine (~12 μm) Uniform Scintillator Cores for High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging
by Kei Kamada, Masao Yoshino, Yuhei Nakata, Testuo Kudo, Yoshiyuki Usuki, Naoko Kutsuzawa, Kyoung Jin Kim, Rikito Murakami, Satoshi Ishizawa and Akira Yoshikawa
Materials 2026, 19(9), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091834 - 29 Apr 2026
Viewed by 358
Abstract
We report the development of bundled optical-guiding crystal scintillators (OCSs) with ultrafine and uniform scintillator cores (~12 μm) for high-resolution X-ray imaging. Conventional OCS fabrication using iodide scintillators often suffers from iodine volatilization, bubble formation, and core discontinuities, which limit structural uniformity and [...] Read more.
We report the development of bundled optical-guiding crystal scintillators (OCSs) with ultrafine and uniform scintillator cores (~12 μm) for high-resolution X-ray imaging. Conventional OCS fabrication using iodide scintillators often suffers from iodine volatilization, bubble formation, and core discontinuities, which limit structural uniformity and device reliability. To address these limitations, a hollow-fiber-based fabrication strategy was introduced. Hollow glass fibers were first bundled and drawn without scintillator materials, followed by capillary infiltration of a Tl-doped Cs3Cu2I5 (Tl: CCI) melt. This approach enabled the stable formation of densely packed bundled OCS structures with uniform core diameters of 10–12 μm while suppressing volatilization-induced defects. Radioluminescence measurements confirmed a broad emission peak at ~442 nm, consistent with Tl:CCI scintillation. X-ray imaging experiments demonstrated superior spatial resolution and image contrast compared with a commercial CsI:Tl columnar scintillator. The bundled OCS exhibited an average contrast transfer function (CTF) of 30.7% at ~10 lp/mm, exceeding the reference value. These results demonstrate that the hollow-fiber architecture provides an effective route toward scalable ultrafine-core scintillators and highlight the potential of Tl:CCI-filled OCSs for next-generation high-resolution X-ray imaging. Full article
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14 pages, 13367 KB  
Article
Realizing 303 ps Ultrafast Scintillation Time in 2-Inch CsPbCl3 Single Crystals Grown Under Br2 Overpressure
by Jingwei Yang, Fangbao Wang, Liang Chen, Tao Bo, Zhifang Chai and Wenwen Lin
Materials 2026, 19(8), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081479 - 8 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Large-sized, room-temperature ultrafast scintillator single crystals are highly demanded for fast timing applications such as time of flight–positron emission tomography, high-speed medical imaging, and pulse heavy-ray detection. Sub-nanosecond scintillation was discovered in 16 mm sized CsPbCl3Brx single crystals in our [...] Read more.
Large-sized, room-temperature ultrafast scintillator single crystals are highly demanded for fast timing applications such as time of flight–positron emission tomography, high-speed medical imaging, and pulse heavy-ray detection. Sub-nanosecond scintillation was discovered in 16 mm sized CsPbCl3Brx single crystals in our previous research. In this work, the crystal size of CsPbCl3Br0.03 was enlarged to 2 inches (50.8 mm). Meanwhile, by precisely optimizing the vertical Bridgman growth process, we further increased the concentration of Br dopant to realize even faster scintillation decay. In this study, we conducted a series of tests on the grown crystals, including temperature-dependent photoluminescence tests, alpha particle excitation tests, X-ray imaging tests, etc. Via the strategy of the incorporation of Br2, Br dopant introduces highly efficient fast recombination centers in perovskite CsPbCl3Br0.03 crystals, resulting in an unprecedently fast scintillation decay time of 303 ps under 241Am α-particle excitation, which is significantly shorter than that of the pure CsPbCl3 and all other perovskites by at least two orders of magnitude. Benefiting from the excellent optical transparency and high crystalline quality of the CsPbCl3Br0.03 crystal, an X-ray spatial resolution of up to 20 lp/mm is achieved. These results further demonstrate the great potential of large-sized CsPbCl3Brx single crystals for fast timing applications. Full article
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14 pages, 1892 KB  
Article
In Situ Dose Measurements in Brachytherapy Using Scintillation Detectors Based on the Al2O3:C, Al2O3:C,Mg, and GAGG:Ce Crystals
by Sandra Witkiewicz-Lukaszek, Janusz Winiecki, Bogna Sobiech, Mark Akselrod and Yuriy Zorenko
Materials 2026, 19(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010045 - 22 Dec 2025
Viewed by 728
Abstract
Currently, the use of scintillation crystals connected via optical fiber to a luminescence spectrometer (so-called fiber-optic dosimeters) offers a promising approach for real-time dosimetric measurements during brachytherapy treatments with γ-ray sources. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of fiber-optic dosimeters for in [...] Read more.
Currently, the use of scintillation crystals connected via optical fiber to a luminescence spectrometer (so-called fiber-optic dosimeters) offers a promising approach for real-time dosimetric measurements during brachytherapy treatments with γ-ray sources. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of fiber-optic dosimeters for in situ dose measurements during brachytherapy procedures, using Al2O3:C and Al2O3:C,Mg crystals, which have near-tissue density and effective atomic number (ρ = 3.99 g/cm3, Zeff = 10.8), as well as heavy GAGG:Ce scintillation crystals (ρ = 6.63 g/cm3, Zeff = 54.4). Radiation dose delivery was assessed through measurements of the resulting radioluminescence of the aforementioned scintillation crystals, connected via long optical fibers and recorded with highly sensitive, compact luminescence spectrometers. Measurements were performed in a dedicated phantom under clinical conditions at the Oncology Center in Bydgoszcz, Poland. The dosimeters were evaluated for in situ dose monitoring within the 0.5–8 Gy range during brachytherapy procedures using a 192Ir (392 keV) source. The results showed a clear linear relationship between the delivered radiation dose and the scintillation output measured by the fiber-optic detector. The Gd3Al2.5Ga2.5O12:Ce crystal detector exhibited excellent linearity, while the Al2O3:C and Al2O3:C,Mg crystal detectors also showed a nearly linear dose–response relationship. Full article
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