Marine-Derived Vaccine Adjuvants

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (17 January 2020) | Viewed by 4192

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Interests: structure and function of biological membranes; lipids; phase transitons; marine hydrobionts; bacteria; adaptation; antibiotic resistance; lipid-dependent conformation and functions of proteins; lipochaperoning; vaccines; adjuvant vehicles; recombinant proteins; viruses; nanobiotechnology; immunology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An immunological (vaccine) adjuvant is a substance or complex of substances that is added to vaccines to boost immune responses to the target antigens. Modern vaccinology is focused on the development of subunit vaccines containing a protective antigen of the pathogen to minimise the risk of adverse effects. Therefore, subunit vaccines are safer than traditional ones, which comprise killed or attenuated whole pathogens. However, most antigens administered alone possess very weak immunogenicity and are unable to provide protection against pathogens. Adjuvants allow one to overcome this problem by enhancing the immunogenicity of antigens and improving the effectiveness of vaccines. Therefore, adjuvants also provide the increased economic effect of vaccination. There are different types of adjuvants: aluminum-based adjuvants, emulsions, lipid-based (ISCOMATRIX, TI-complexes, and liposomes), and polymeric particles, etc. In spite of a wide arsenal of available adjuvants, only few of them are suitable for medical and veterinary vaccines. Hence, the elaboration of new adjuvants, which are more effective and safer, is an urgent problem of vaccinology. Marine organisms are abundant in biologically active substances. Some of them possess an adjuvant activity (a-galactosylceramide, originally isolated from a marine sponge, marine crustacean chitosan, and saponins, and proteins isolated from marine animals, etc.). The main goal of this Special Issue “Marine-Derived Vaccine Adjuvants” is to summarise the achievements in the field of the search for substances of marine origin and their semi-synthetic derivatives that possess adjuvant activity. Research articles and reviews devoted to mechanisms of actions of such adjuvants are also welcome.

Dr. Nina M. Sanina
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Adjuvants
  • Marine organisms
  • Tubular immunostimulating complexes
  • Lipid-induced immunogenicity of antigens

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1230 KiB  
Article
Immunoadjuvant Activity of Fucoidans from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescens
by Tatyana A. Kuznetsova, Tatyana P. Smolina, Ilona D. Makarenkova, Lydmila A. Ivanushko, Elena V. Persiyanova, Svetlana P. Ermakova, Artem S. Silchenko, Tatyana S. Zaporozhets, Natalya N. Besednova, Lydmila N. Fedyanina and Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(3), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18030155 - 11 Mar 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3770
Abstract
The study presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the effect of structural modifications of fucoidans from the brown alga Fucus evanescens (native, highly purified product of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis, a new regular 1→3;1→4-α-L-fucan, sulphated mainly at C2 and acetylated at C4 [...] Read more.
The study presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the effect of structural modifications of fucoidans from the brown alga Fucus evanescens (native, highly purified product of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis, a new regular 1→3;1→4-α-L-fucan, sulphated mainly at C2 and acetylated at C4 of the fucose residue) on the effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells in vitro and in vivo. Using flow cytometry, we found that all examined fucoidans induce the maturation of dendritic cells, enhance the ability of neutrophils to migrate and adhere, activate monocytes and enhance their antigen-presenting functions, and increase the cytotoxic potential of natural killers. Fucoidans increase the production of hepatitis B virus (HBs) specific IgG and cytokine Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4) profiles in vivo. The data obtained suggest that in vitro and in vivo adjuvant effects of the products of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis with regular structural characteristics are comparable to those of the native fucoidan. Based on these data, the products of fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis can be considered as an effective and safe candidate adjuvant to improve the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine-Derived Vaccine Adjuvants)
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