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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Marine-Derived Compounds Applied in Intestinal Diseases
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Marine-Derived Compounds Applied in Intestinal Diseases

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 9018

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gaurav Rajauria

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Ireland
Interests: probiotic fermentation; intestinal health; emerging extraction technologies; biological activities; antioxidant properties; biofortification; marine bioactives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Torres Sweeney

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
Interests: intestinal health; anti-inflammatory properties; immune response; marine natural products; cytokines; transcription factors
Prof. Dr. John O’Doherty

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Interests: gut health; animal nutrition; animal production; animal feed supplement; antimicrobial properties; natural compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic inflammation is thought to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases in humans and animals. Measures to reduce intestinal dysfunction have focused on dietary inclusion of antibiotics and/or drugs, frequently with adverse side effects. In the hunt for alternatives, natural animal- and plant-derived products offer hope for the discovery of bioactive molecules or compounds that can alleviate intestinal disorders. The biological and chemical diversity in the marine environment represents an excellent source for isolating bioactive compounds from microalgae, macroalgae (seaweed), cyanobacteria, fungi, or small invertebrates, such as sponges and molluscs. Bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, polyphenols, diterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, fatty acids, proteins, and other chemical compounds, isolated from marine organisms, exhibit potential activity against intestinal disorders. This proposed Special Issue of Marine Drugs will cover the entire scope of marine-derived compounds that are being explored for gastrointestinal disorders and diseases both in human and animals. The Special Issue will target research papers, reviews, short communications, as well as perspectives in the application of marine compounds in vitro and in vivo targeting intestinal diseases, as well as the latest status of clinical development and nutritional trials from animal and human studies.

Dr. Gaurav Rajauria
Prof. Dr. Torres Sweeney
Prof. Dr. John O’Doherty
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Intestinal health
  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • Algae
  • Microbiota
  • Immune response
  • Marine bioactive
  • Natural compounds
  • Cytokines
  • Gut health
  • Nutritional trials
  • Inflammation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3380 KiB  
Article
Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)
by Mahmoud A.O. Dawood, Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Ali A. Soliman, Mustafa Shukry, Asem A. Amer, Elsayed M. Younis, Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith, Hien Van Doan, Adel H. Saad, Mohamed Aboubakr, Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif and Sabreen E. Fadl
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(12), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120611 - 1 Dec 2020
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 3703
Abstract
Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and [...] Read more.
Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine-Derived Compounds Applied in Intestinal Diseases)
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23 pages, 770 KiB  
Article
The Effects of the Marine-Derived Polysaccharides Laminarin and Chitosan on Aspects of Colonic Health in Pigs Challenged with Dextran Sodium Sulphate
by Ruth Rattigan, John V. O’Doherty, Stafford Vigors, Marion T. Ryan, Rocco S. Sebastiano, John J. Callanan, Kevin Thornton, Gaurav Rajauria, Lekha M. Margassery, Alan D. W. Dobson, Niall D. O’Leary and Torres Sweeney
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(5), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18050262 - 16 May 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4732
Abstract
This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with laminarin or chitosan on colonic health in pigs challenged with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Weaned pigs were assigned to: (1) a basal diet (n = 22); (2) a basal diet + laminarin (n = [...] Read more.
This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with laminarin or chitosan on colonic health in pigs challenged with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Weaned pigs were assigned to: (1) a basal diet (n = 22); (2) a basal diet + laminarin (n = 10); and (3) a basal diet + chitosan (n = 10). On d35, the basal group was split, creating four groups: (1) the basal diet (control); (2) the basal diet + DSS; (3) the basal diet + laminarin + DSS; and (4) the basal diet + chitosan + DSS. From d39–42, the pigs were orally challenged with DSS. On d44, colonic tissue/digesta samples were collected. The basal DSS group had reduced growth, higher pathology score and an increased expression of MMP1, IL13 and IL23 compared with the controls (p < 0.05); these parameters were similar between the DSS-challenged groups (p > 0.05). In the basal DSS group, the relative abundance of beneficial taxa including Prevotella and Roseburia were reduced while Escherichia/Shigella were increased, compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella was reduced and the molar proportions of acetate were increased in the laminarin DSS group compared with the basal DSS group (p < 0.01), suggesting that laminarin has potential to prevent pathogen proliferation and enhance the volatile fatty acid profile in the colon in a porcine model of colitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine-Derived Compounds Applied in Intestinal Diseases)
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