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Chemical Diversity and Therapeutic Potentials of Marine Invertebrates

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2026 | Viewed by 1479

Editors


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Guest Editor
National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
Interests: marine natural products; protein and peptide chemistry; computational techniques; bioguided fractionation; ethnopharmacology; drug discovery

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
Interests: marine natural products; microbial natural products; NMR spectroscopy; structure elucidation; drug discovery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine invertebrates represent one of the most diverse and chemically rich groups in marine ecosystems, encompassing major taxonomic phyla such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata. Owing to their unique ecological adaptations, marine invertebrates and their associated microorganisms are prolific sources of structurally diverse and biologically active natural products. Numerous invertebrate-derived secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroactive activities, have been reported, many featuring unprecedented chemical scaffolds and serving as valuable drug leads. Advances in metabolomics, genomics, and bioinformatics have further accelerated their discovery.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of marine invertebrates. We invite academic and industrial researchers to submit original research articles, reviews, and communications addressing natural product discovery and structure elucidation, biological and pharmacological evaluation, metabolomics, biosynthesis and genome mining, and symbiotic microorganism-associated natural products.

We believe that this Special Issue will provide a timely platform to advance our understanding of marine invertebrate natural products and to stimulate further research toward the discovery of new marine-derived therapeutic agents.

Dr. Maria Orfanoudaki
Dr. Ji-yeon Hwang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • invertebrate-derived natural products
  • secondary metabolites
  • computational techniques
  • chemotaxonomy
  • biological activity
  • metabolomic studies
  • symbiotic microorganisms
  • chemical diversity
  • structure–activity relationships (SARs)
  • marine invertebrates

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 9722 KB  
Article
Cytotoxic Potential of Marine-Derived Fungi Isolated from Sponges and Brown Algae of Mauritius
by Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin, Annaelle Hip Kam, Rajesh Jeewon, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Teeshan Bahorun, Daneshwar Puchooa, Neil O. Carragher and Vidushi S. Neergheen
Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(8), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24080289 - 21 Aug 2026
Viewed by 194
Abstract
Marine fungi associated with sponges and brown algae are promising sources of pharmacologically active compounds. This study investigated the cytotoxic potential and metabolomic profiles of fungal strains isolated from the marine environment of Mauritius. Among the twenty extracts screened, the mycelium extracts were [...] Read more.
Marine fungi associated with sponges and brown algae are promising sources of pharmacologically active compounds. This study investigated the cytotoxic potential and metabolomic profiles of fungal strains isolated from the marine environment of Mauritius. Among the twenty extracts screened, the mycelium extracts were more cytotoxic than the broth extracts. Four extracts demonstrated the most potent activity: Aspergillus chevalieri (F2M), Aspergillus ochraceus (F25M) and Biatriospora sp. (F34M, F34B). The algal endophyte Aspergillus chevalieri (F2M) mycelium extract displayed an IC50 of 14.27 ± 1.22 µg/mL after 24 h against HepG2 cells. The sponge-associated fungi Aspergillus ochraceus (F25M) showed promising cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells (IC50 of 8.775 ± 0.78 µg/mL) after 24 h of treatment, with a selectivity index of 2.27, and had the lowest IC50 (2.49 ± 0.60 µg/mL after 24 h; 7.14 ± 3.14 µg/mL after 48 h) against FLO-1 cells, also reducing tumor spheroid growth and integrity during the first four hours. All four extracts increased the intracellular ROS production, but only the mycelium extract of A. chevalieri (F2M) significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Metabolomic profiling identified diverse compound classes, including alkaloids, terpenoids, amino acids, anthraquinones and coumarins. The findings revealed that the marine fungi from Mauritius are promising sources of cytotoxic metabolites that require purification and subsequent confirmation and mechanistic studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Diversity and Therapeutic Potentials of Marine Invertebrates)
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19 pages, 8262 KB  
Article
Molecular Pathway and Regulatory Mechanism of the Saponin Biosynthesis in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
by Pingzhe Jiang, Shan Gao, Yujun Liu, Zhong Chen, Liang Zhao, Zelong Zhao, Feifei Zhang, Yongjia Pan, Yao Xiao, Guohan Zhang, Jingwei Jiang and Zunchun Zhou
Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(7), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24070230 - 30 Jun 2026
Viewed by 687
Abstract
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is one of the few animals capable of synthesizing saponins, which are critical components of its nutritional quality and health-beneficial properties. However, the specific mechanism underlying saponin biosynthesis in sea cucumbers remains unclear despite previous investigations. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is one of the few animals capable of synthesizing saponins, which are critical components of its nutritional quality and health-beneficial properties. However, the specific mechanism underlying saponin biosynthesis in sea cucumbers remains unclear despite previous investigations. This study aimed to characterize the molecular pathway and regulatory mechanism of saponin biosynthesis in A. japonicus. Thirteen candidate genes involved in de novo saponin skeleton synthesis were identified from the A. japonicus genome, and their full-length cDNAs were obtained via PCR-RACE. Sequence analysis predicted the intracellular localization of these genes. Combined in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed their high expression in coelomocytes, indicating coelomocytes as the primary saponin synthesis sites. Knockdown of mevalonate kinase (AjMVK) and two oxidosqualene cyclases (AjPS and AjLS) caused a more obvious decrease in saponin levels, identifying them as key biosynthetic enzymes. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that AjPS and AjLS interact with ficolins, complement component 3-2, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase, and α-L-fucosidase, whose regulatory effects were further validated by RNA interference and saponin content measurements. These results suggest that saponin biosynthesis in A. japonicus is regulated by the complement lectin pathway and modulated by glycosylation enzymes, providing a molecular foundation for enhancing bioactive saponin production for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Diversity and Therapeutic Potentials of Marine Invertebrates)
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