Advances, Innovations, and Emerging Trends in Hand and Finger Exoskeletons

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Robotics, Mechatronics and Intelligent Machines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 1785

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, 50110 Toluca, Mexico
Interests: medical and industrial robotic; telerobotics; human-robot/machine interaction; virtual environments; haptic interfaces; haptic control; mechatronics; automation; electronic design; mechanisms design
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Guest Editor
Grupo de Robótica y Manufactura, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de México (CINVESTAV), Unidad Saltillo, Secretaria de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación, 07360 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
Interests: serious games; control algorithms for robotics; biofeedback systems; exoskeletons; human–machine interaction; virtual reality; haptics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last decade, hand and finger exoskeletons have gained significant attention as a multidisciplinary field that integrates medical robotics, rehabilitation engineering, assistive technologies, virtual environment interaction, artificial intelligence, ergonomics, and biomechanics. Research in this area focuses on developing, optimizing, and evaluating robotic systems that enhance human capabilities in rehabilitation, haptics, assistance, and human augmentation.

Due to the biomechanical complexity of the hand, designing effective exoskeletons presents challenges in areas such as adaptive control, haptic feedback, ergonomic mechanical design, user intent detection, and personalized therapy. Overcoming these challenges is essential to improving the functionality, usability, and practical applications of these devices in medical, industrial, and everyday contexts.

This Special Issue seeks to publish original research and review articles addressing key advancements in hand and finger exoskeletons including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Hand exoskeletons;
  • Finger exoskeletons;
  • Modular, rigid, and soft mechanism design;
  • Rehabilitation robotics;
  • Assistive technologies;
  • Virtual environment interaction;
  • Haptic feedback;
  • Adaptive control;
  • Biomechanics and ergonomics;
  • User intent detection.

Prof. Dr. Juan Manuel Jacinto-Villegas
Dr. Nadia Vanessa García-Hernández
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • hand exoskeletons
  • finger exoskeletons
  • modular, rigid, and soft mechanism design
  • rehabilitation robotics
  • assistive technologies
  • virtual environment interaction
  • haptic feedback
  • adaptive control
  • biomechanics and ergonomics
  • user intent detection

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 11704 KB  
Article
Design and Experimental Research of an Underactuated Rigid–Flexible Coupling Mechanical Gripper
by Hongyi Liu, Yuhang Chen, Yubo Hu, Zhi Hu, Jie Liu, Xuejia Huang, Shuo Yao and Yigen Wu
Machines 2025, 13(11), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13111068 - 20 Nov 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1104
Abstract
Designing a mechanical gripper, achieving the combined capabilities of high loading capacity, flexible environmental adaptability, and dexterous kinematic performance, is highly desired in human–machine interaction and industrial production efficiency improvement, yet this combination of grasping encounters irreconcilable challenges. Although rigid–flexible coupled mechanical grippers [...] Read more.
Designing a mechanical gripper, achieving the combined capabilities of high loading capacity, flexible environmental adaptability, and dexterous kinematic performance, is highly desired in human–machine interaction and industrial production efficiency improvement, yet this combination of grasping encounters irreconcilable challenges. Although rigid–flexible coupled mechanical grippers exhibit promising advantages compared with conventional rigid mechanical grippers and pure soft grippers, they still get stuck in problems of grasping stability owing to the mechanical mismatch between rigid and flexible materials. Inspired by the hybrid structure of the human finger, we designed an underactuated rigid–flexible coupled mechanical gripper (U-RFCG) to expand the grasping range of existing mechanical grippers. We utilized an embedded flexible microcolumn array to couple the rigid underactuated fingers with a flexible silicone rubber finger segment and integrated a flexible silicone rubber cavity into each rigid–flexible coupling finger segment, thereby addressing issues such as slippage and fracture at the coupling interface of the rigid–flexible structure. This design enables the mechanical gripper to possess the superior characteristics of both rigid and flexible grippers, along with simple execution control. We established mathematical models to analyze the static and kinematic properties of the fingers. Based on these models, we optimized the dimensional parameters of the underactuated links to ensure reasonable contact force distribution and stable motion. Repeated experiments demonstrated that the contact force exerted by each phalanx consistently stabilized at approximately 3.58 N during operation. Lastly, we integrated the U-RFCG into a 3D motion platform. Our mechanical gripper demonstrates significant adaptability and high load capacity for grasping various objects, including irregular cauliflowers, fragile fried instant noodles, and heavy cabbages. It successfully handled objects spanning a weight range of 30–1500 g without causing damage to them. These results confirm that our design balances load capacity and grasping safety through the synergy of rigid and flexible properties, providing a new solution for robotic grasping in complex scenarios. Full article
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