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Lubricants
Special Issues
Advances in Mechanical Seals
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Advances in Mechanical Seals

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 1465

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ziming Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
Interests: oilfield production optimization and diagnosis technology based on big data and artificial intelligence; innovative design for multiphase flow; special function impeller pumps in fluid machinery; sealing mechanism and sealing technology of special mechanical equipment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

O-ring fatigue life is a key determinant of sealing reliability in valves, pumps, and aerospace actuators operating under cyclic pressure/temperature, media exposure, and variable squeeze. Damage accumulation—micro-crack initiation, viscoelastic softening, and extrusion/nibbling—alters contact stress and can cause early leakage. Advances in materials, testing, and multiphysics modeling enable more accurate life prediction and mitigation strategies.

This Special Issue invites original research and reviews on fatigue and leakage of O-rings, including pressure/thermal cycling and accelerated aging, media compatibility, in situ leakage/strain monitoring, FE-based hyperelastic–viscoelastic modeling, contact and thermal–fluid–structure coupling, crack-growth and energy-based approaches, and the roles of material formulation, surface roughness, squeeze ratio, and groove design. Studies on uncertainty, reliability, and data-driven diagnosis/prognosis are also encouraged, with applications spanning cryogenic, aerospace, oil-and-gas, and chemical services.

Dr. Ziming Feng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • seal
  • wear
  • elastohydrodynamic lubrication
  • glyd-rings
  • seal leakage
  • surface engineering
 

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 3399 KB  
Article
Multi-Condition Wear Simulation and Parametric Analysis of VL-Type Seals for Aviation Hydraulic Actuators
by Zhihui Cai, Ziming Feng, Heng Yuan and Xinmin Wang
Lubricants 2026, 14(6), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants14060213 - 22 May 2026
Abstract
To elucidate the wear evolution and failure mechanisms of VL-type composite seals in aviation hydraulic actuators under multiple operating conditions, a two-dimensional plane-strain finite element model was developed for a VL seal consisting of a PTFE L-ring and an NBR O-ring. The model [...] Read more.
To elucidate the wear evolution and failure mechanisms of VL-type composite seals in aviation hydraulic actuators under multiple operating conditions, a two-dimensional plane-strain finite element model was developed for a VL seal consisting of a PTFE L-ring and an NBR O-ring. The model incorporated the Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic constitutive law and the Archard wear model. The effects of O-ring compression ratio, hydraulic pressure, sliding velocity, and temperature on cumulative wear, wear rate, and contact state were systematically investigated. The results show that the compression ratio has a nonlinear influence on wear. Within 8–16%, the peak wear increases approximately linearly with compression ratio; above 16%, the peak wear reaches a plateau and a secondary wear zone appears, indicating a transition from single-contact to multi-contact sealing. Hydraulic pressure promotes wear over the range of 4–28 MPa, and at 28 MPa the opposite lip edge of the L-ring comes into contact with the cylinder wall, weakening the sealing effectiveness. Within 0.1–0.3 m/s, wear increases approximately linearly with sliding velocity. However, under high velocity and insufficient hydraulic pressure, the L-ring may undergo inversion, resulting in complete seal failure. Temperature exhibits a non-monotonic effect: material softening reduces local contact stress and wear from −55 to 80 °C, whereas excessive softening at 135 °C causes the peak wear rate to increase again. A parametric analysis scheme involving an increased L-ring height and thickness, a reduced O-ring cross-section diameter, and reserved deformation space raises the critical compression ratio for stable single-contact sealing from 16% to above 20%. These findings clarify the contact-stress/contact-area competition mechanism governing VL seal wear and provide guidance for the design of aviation hydraulic actuator seals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mechanical Seals)
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16 pages, 4497 KB  
Article
Research on the Metal Sealing Performance of a Casing Head Hanger Under High-Pressure Conditions
by Zhenyu Jia, Pengcheng Wang, Junhui Wei, Guanggui Zou, Jinli Zhu, Jianfei Wang and Cong Guo
Lubricants 2026, 14(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants14010043 - 16 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 792
Abstract
With the deepening of oil and gas exploration and development into ultra-deep and ultra-high pressure environments, the pressure of wellhead equipment is becoming higher and higher. The sealing performance of the casing head hanger is directly related to the safety and reliability of [...] Read more.
With the deepening of oil and gas exploration and development into ultra-deep and ultra-high pressure environments, the pressure of wellhead equipment is becoming higher and higher. The sealing performance of the casing head hanger is directly related to the safety and reliability of the whole wellhead equipment. Firstly, based on the numerical simulation method, the sealing performance of three different metal seal rings—H-type, X-type, and U-type—under 175 MPa working conditions is compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the sealing performance of the H-type metal sealing ring is better than that of the X-type and U-type. The parametric analysis method is further used to study the influence of the structural parameters of the convex radius and the bottom angle of the H-ring on its sealing performance. The results show that when the convex radius is designed to be 3 mm, and the bottom angle is 90°, the effective contact width reaches 5.91 mm, and the contact uniformity is the best. Finally, based on the H-type metal sealing ring sample trial-produced with optimized parameters, a 175 MPa nitrogen medium sealing pressure test was completed on an 8 1/8” all-metal sealed mandrel casing hanger. The test results show that the system pressure drop is 0.7 MPa during the 5-min pressure stabilization process, which has good sealing reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mechanical Seals)
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